Review on the toxicity, occurrence, metabolism, detoxification, regulations and intake of zearalenone: An oestrogenic mycotoxin

Zinedine, Abdellah; Castillo, José Miguel Soriano del; Moltó, J.C.; Mañes, Jordi

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2006.07.030

Cited by 1,229 publications

(929 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…A full MS scan performed for ZEN-4Glu did not show any detectable levels of this analyte which has been highlighted to be a possible biomarker for ZEN exposure [19]. In comparison to the findings of Massart et al [18], who reported occurrence of α-ZOL and ZEN in the serum of female subjects affected by precocious puberty in the United States, we detected three samples co-contamination of β-ZOL (3.3-20 ng mg -1 Crea) and ZEN (<LOQ-10.8 ng mg -1 Crea).…”

Section: Results Of Pilot Studymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Review on the toxicity, occurrence, metabolism and detoxification of ZEN suggested two major biotransformation pathways in animals: (1) hydroxylation resulting in the formation of alpha zearalenol (α-ZOL) and beta zearalenol (β-ZOL) assumed to be catalyzed by 3α and 3β hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase respectively and (2) conjugation of ZEN and its reduced metabolites with glucuronic acid [19]. Till date, no paper has reported the presence of α-ZOL-glucuronide and β-ZOL-glucuronide in human urine samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A direct assessment of mycotoxin biomarkers in human urine samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Ediage

Mavungu

Song

et al. 2012

Analytica Chimica Acta

119

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Section: Results Of Pilot Studymentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A direct assessment of mycotoxin biomarkers in human urine samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Ediage

Mavungu

Song

et al. 2012

Analytica Chimica Acta

119

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“…Phase III comprises the compartmentalisation of the mycotoxins into the vacuole of the plant or binding to the cell wall (Berthiller et al, 2009a;Coleman et al, 1997;He et al, 2010;Zinedine et al, 2007). A potential risk for consumers is the possible hydrolysis of masked mycotoxins into their toxic parent forms during mammalian digestion (Grabley et al, 1992;Berthiller et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human exposure to mycotoxins and their masked forms through cereal-based foods in Belgium

et al. 2013

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In the present study, a quantitative dietary exposure assessment of mycotoxins and their masked forms was conducted on a national representative sample of the Belgian population using the contamination data of cereal-based foods. Cereal-based food products (n = 174) were analysed for the occurrence of deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, zearalenone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, T-2-toxin, HT-2-toxin, and their respective masked forms, including, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, zearalenone-4-glucoside, α-zearalenol-4-glucoside, β-zearalenol-4-glucoside and zearalenone-4-sulfate.Fiber-enriched bread, bran-enriched bread, breakfast cereals, popcorn and oatmeal were collected in Belgian supermarkets according to a structured sampling plan and analysed during the period from April 2010 till October 2011. The habitual intake of these food groups was estimated from a national representative food intake survey. According to a probabilistic exposure analysis, the mean (and P95) mycotoxin intake for the sum of the deoxynivalenolequivalents, zearalenone-equivalents, and the sum of HT-2-and T-2-toxin for all cereal-based foods was 0.1162 (0.4047, P95), 0.0447 (0.1568, P95) and 0.0258 (0.0924, P95) µg kg -1 body weight day -1 , respectively. These values were below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) levels for deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxin (1.0, 0.25 and 0.1 µg kg -1 body weight day -1 , respectively). The absolute level exceeding the TDI for all cereal-based foods was calculated, and recorded 0.85%, 2.75% and 4,11% of the Belgian population, respectively. KEYWORDS: mycotoxins,

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“…As a result of the potential hazards associated with these toxins, many governments require regular monitoring for multiple mycotoxins and have set maximum residue limits for these compounds. The most prominent and most dangerous that are associated with food safety are the aflatoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA), ZEN, the T-2 toxins, and the penultimate precursor to AFB1, sterigmatocystin (ST) [3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a multiple immunoaffinity column for simultaneous determination of multiple mycotoxins in feeds using UPLC–MS/MS

Zhang

et al. 2016

Anal Bioanal Chem

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A sensitive and specific immunoaffinity column to clean up and isolate multiple mycotoxins was developed along with a rapid one-step sample preparation procedure for ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Monoclonal antibodies against aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, sterigmatocystin, and T-2 toxin were coupled to microbeads for mycotoxin purification. We optimized a homogenization and extraction procedure as well as column loading and elution conditions to maximize recoveries from complex feed matrices. This method allowed rapid, simple, and simultaneous determination of mycotoxins in feeds with a single chromatographic run. Detection limits for these toxins ranged from 0.006 to 0.12 ng mL −1 , and quantitation limits ranged from 0.06 to 0.75 ng mL −1 . Concentration curves were linear from 0.12 to 40 μg kg −1 with correlation coefficients of R 2 > 0.99. Intra-assay and inter-assay comparisons indicated excellent repeatability and reproducibility of the multiple immunoaffinity columns. As a proof of principle, 80 feed samples were tested and several contained multiple mycotoxins. This method is sensitive, rapid, and durable enough for multiple mycotoxin determinations that fulfill European Union and Chinese testing criteria.

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Review on the toxicity, occurrence, metabolism, detoxification, regulations and intake of zearalenone: An oestrogenic mycotoxin

Cited by 1,229 publications

References 141 publications

A direct assessment of mycotoxin biomarkers in human urine samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

A direct assessment of mycotoxin biomarkers in human urine samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Human exposure to mycotoxins and their masked forms through cereal-based foods in Belgium

Development of a multiple immunoaffinity column for simultaneous determination of multiple mycotoxins in feeds using UPLC–MS/MS

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