Review— On the Development of Phosphors for Luminescent Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, Applications and Evolution of Phosphors as White-Light-Emitting Diodes
Mudasir Farooq,
Haqnawaz Rafiq,
Aarif ul Islam Shah
et al.
Abstract:The manuscript focuses on the concept of nano-phosphors, a remarkable type of material that has been widely explored because of their diverse promising applications. Progress in the development of such nano-phosphors as luminescent materials has received significant research attention. The white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) have grown dramatically and represent the most intriguing lighting source of the twenty-first century. The contribution of rare-Earth (RE) ions to lighting technology is explicitly address… Show more
“…These characteristics make them promising candidates for WLED innovation [7,8]. Numerous orthophosphate-based phosphors, injected with RE 3+ -activated ions using various synthetic techniques have been synthesized including LiMgPO 4 :Eu 3+ , NaCaPO 4 :Sm 3+ , NaCaPO 4 :Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ , NaSrPO 4 : Eu 3+ and KBaPO 4 :Sm 3+ [9-13] etc Trivalent RE 3+ -ions are a momentous material category that significantly impacts the field of white lighting technology [14,15].…”
Trivalent rare-earth-activated luminescent materials have attracted a lot of attention due to their fascinating optical properties and broad range of applications. In this study, polycrystalline Sm and Eu-doped LiMgPO4 luminescent materials were synthesized using a solid-state reaction technique. The crystalline structures, morphological features, and optical characteristics of the synthesized materials were thoroughly investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The Rietveld refinement analysis confirmed the phase purity of synthesized phosphors. In addition, the strain induced owing to the incorporation of trivalent rare-earth ions and crystallite sizes of each synthesized material was estimated using the Williamsons-Hall (W-H) and modified Debye-Sherrer equations. The estimated results of the microstrain were reported to be 0.0010, 0.0023 and 0.0020. Subsequently, as a consequence of distinct peak profile options, the projected average crystallite size by both approaches was distinct. The UV-VIS spectroscopy analysis reveals that Sm and Eu doped materials exhibit absorption bands around 402 nm and 396 nm and depicts the declining band gap values. The Photoluminescence (PL) spectra at 402 nm and 395 nm excitation wavelengths exhibited the distinctive emissions of both Sm3+ (4G5/2→6H7/2) and Eu3+ (5D0→7F2) ions emanating due to the intra-configurational f - f and 4f - 4f transitions. Finally, the CIE diagram explicitly demonstrates that the Sm and Eu-modified materials reveal their exceptional color purity. McCamy's approach was used to determine various parameters of trivalent rare-earth doped materials. The correlated color temperature (T_CCT) and their coordinates T_CCT (ζ, β) was found to be 2287 K, 1900K, 0.281, 0.632, and 0.302,0.681 respectively. Temperature-dependent emission spectra exhibit excellent color and thermal
stability at high temperatures. The obtained results in this study indicate that the synthesized luminescent materials can potentially be used in white light-emitting diode applications.
“…These characteristics make them promising candidates for WLED innovation [7,8]. Numerous orthophosphate-based phosphors, injected with RE 3+ -activated ions using various synthetic techniques have been synthesized including LiMgPO 4 :Eu 3+ , NaCaPO 4 :Sm 3+ , NaCaPO 4 :Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ , NaSrPO 4 : Eu 3+ and KBaPO 4 :Sm 3+ [9-13] etc Trivalent RE 3+ -ions are a momentous material category that significantly impacts the field of white lighting technology [14,15].…”
Trivalent rare-earth-activated luminescent materials have attracted a lot of attention due to their fascinating optical properties and broad range of applications. In this study, polycrystalline Sm and Eu-doped LiMgPO4 luminescent materials were synthesized using a solid-state reaction technique. The crystalline structures, morphological features, and optical characteristics of the synthesized materials were thoroughly investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The Rietveld refinement analysis confirmed the phase purity of synthesized phosphors. In addition, the strain induced owing to the incorporation of trivalent rare-earth ions and crystallite sizes of each synthesized material was estimated using the Williamsons-Hall (W-H) and modified Debye-Sherrer equations. The estimated results of the microstrain were reported to be 0.0010, 0.0023 and 0.0020. Subsequently, as a consequence of distinct peak profile options, the projected average crystallite size by both approaches was distinct. The UV-VIS spectroscopy analysis reveals that Sm and Eu doped materials exhibit absorption bands around 402 nm and 396 nm and depicts the declining band gap values. The Photoluminescence (PL) spectra at 402 nm and 395 nm excitation wavelengths exhibited the distinctive emissions of both Sm3+ (4G5/2→6H7/2) and Eu3+ (5D0→7F2) ions emanating due to the intra-configurational f - f and 4f - 4f transitions. Finally, the CIE diagram explicitly demonstrates that the Sm and Eu-modified materials reveal their exceptional color purity. McCamy's approach was used to determine various parameters of trivalent rare-earth doped materials. The correlated color temperature (T_CCT) and their coordinates T_CCT (ζ, β) was found to be 2287 K, 1900K, 0.281, 0.632, and 0.302,0.681 respectively. Temperature-dependent emission spectra exhibit excellent color and thermal
stability at high temperatures. The obtained results in this study indicate that the synthesized luminescent materials can potentially be used in white light-emitting diode applications.
“…Light-emitting diodes (LED) are a new generation of light source with a wide range of applications in the fields of solid-state lighting, full-color display, and other areas due to advantages, such as environmental friendliness, energy efficiency, long lifetime, and low power consumption. 1–3 Among them, white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) constructed by the composition of light-conversion materials and ultraviolet or blue-emitting LED chips are the most widely used LEDs, 4 in which the light-conversion material is the key factor affecting the performance of WLEDs. Light-conversion materials are mainly divided into inorganic 5 and organic materials.…”
Luminescent films based on conjugated porous polymers CPP-1 (PLQY=83%) and CPP-2 (PLQY=61%) were prepared for solid-state lighting, resulting in warm white light with CIE coordinates of (0.33, 0.44) when the ratio of CPP-2 to CPP-1 was 1 : 4.
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