Review on Surface Elements and Bacterial Biofilms in Plant-Bacterial Associations

Abstract

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the function of bacterial surface elements and functional signals in biofilm formation. Plant-associated bacteria can significantly affect the health and productivity of a plant because they are found in many different areas of the plant, including roots, transport channels, stems, and leaves. The management of these compounds by plants is still unknown, although biofilm production on plants is associated with both symbiotic and pathogenic responses. While some of the bacteria found in biofilm matrices trigger pathogenesis, others can promote plant thriving and serve as biocontrol agents for phytopathogens. This detailed review discusses in depth the various elements and methods involved in the production of bacterial biofilms on plant surfaces and their attachment, as well as the relationship between these factors and bacterial activity and survival.

Omics approaches in understanding the benefits of plant-microbe interactions

“…Phytohormones, such as auxins and cytokinins, produced by microbes such as Rhizobium leguminosarum stimulate plant growth and nutrient uptake through signaling by plant receptors (Meena et al, 2023 ). Exopolysaccharides synthesized by microbes such as Pseudomonas fluorescens facilitate attachment to plant surfaces, biofilm formation, and protection against environmental stress (Niazi et al, 2023 ). Nod factors secreted by rhizobia such as Bradyrhizobium japonicum induce nodulation signaling cascades and establish symbiotic relationships in leguminous plants (Grundy et al, 2023 ; Yuan et al, 2023 ).…”

“…Volatile organic compounds produced by microbes such as Trichoderma harzianum also elicit plant systemic responses (Contreras-Cornejo et al, 2024 ). Furthermore, extracellular enzymes such as Fusarium oxysporum facilitate nutrient acquisition and microbial colonization (Niazi et al, 2023 ). These molecular mechanisms play pivotal roles in microbial interactions with host plants, influencing symbiosis, pathogenesis, and plant-microbe-environment interactions.…”

“…The adhesion and colonization of microbes on plant surfaces involve intricate molecular processes that are essential for establishing symbiotic or pathogenic relationships. Microbes utilize various strategies such as EPS (exopolysaccharides) production, pili/fimbriae binding, adhesin secretion, and enzymatic degradation of plant cell wall components (Bhattacharyya et al, 2023 ; Carezzano et al, 2023 ; Dutta et al, 2023 ; Niazi et al, 2023 ). Additionally, chemical gradients, such as root exudates, guide microbial migration and colonization of plant surfaces (Dunn and Becerra-Rivera, 2023 ; Dhiman et al, 2024 ).…”

Plant & its Bioactive Components Uses in Cardio-Potential Diseases: A Sectional Study for Different Herbs

“…The most effective dose of Amaranthus viridis was shown to be 300 milligrammes per kilogramme of body weight. [21]…”

The Function of Zinc in Animal, Plant, and Human Nutrition

“…Many nutrients affect the various biochemical processes occurring within the plant system; they also support plants in fighting against the multiple disorders that impact plant growth adversely (Shrivastava, P., & Kumar, R. 2015). Micronutrients are vital in reducing the severity of disease (Dresen, E., et al 2023), which can also contribute to its inclusion in plants' biochemical and physiological processes (Saquee, F. S., et al 2023), the majority of essential micronutrients are involved in a number of activities that could affect how plants react to infections (Niazi, P., et al 2023, Dommisch, H., et al 2018). Zinc is one of these micronutrients that has different or no effect on how vulnerable plants are to disease (Dordas, C. 2008).…”