Review on support materials used for immobilization of nano-photocatalysts for water treatment applications

TiO2-Based Photocatalytic Coatings on Glass Substrates for Environmental Applications

“…Glass is low-cost, easily fabricated, highly chemically/physically/thermally stable, and optically attractive, which makes it an ideal material for photocatalytic coatings [72]. Glass substrates have the desirable property of light transparency, which guarantees better photocatalytic performance [73]. The photocatalytic activities of photocatalytic glass-based coatings are determined by fixing methods.…”

Preparation of modified humic acid/TiO2/P(AA-co-AM) nanocomposite hydrogels with enhanced dye adsorption and photocatalysis

“…Over the past decade, immobilizing nano-sized photocatalysts onto a suitable support material has posed considerable challenges. [14][15][16][17][18][19] The support material for photocatalytic nanoparticles used in wastewater treatment should possess certain characteristics: (a) minimal impact on photocatalytic capacity; (b) certain adsorption capability; (c) large specific surface area;…”

“…Over the past decade, immobilizing nano-sized photocatalysts onto a suitable support material has posed considerable challenges. 14–19 The support material for photocatalytic nanoparticles used in wastewater treatment should possess certain characteristics: (a) minimal impact on photocatalytic capacity; (b) certain adsorption capability; (c) large specific surface area; (d) substantial volume for easy recycling; (e) good chemical inertia; (f) good light transmittance; and (j) superior mass transfer channels, among others. Recently, there has been a significant research focus on hydrogels, which are polymeric materials possessing a three-dimensional network structure capable of absorbing and swelling in water while remaining insoluble.…”

Environmentally Friendly UV-C Excimer Light Source with Advanced Oxidation Process for Rapid Mineralization of Azo Dye in Wastewater

“…The most challenging problem in AOPs is the use of conventional UV light sources that often contain mercury, which is even more detrimental to the environment than the treated pollutants because of their routine replacement and frequent filament failure. , The best alternative to conventional mercury-based UV lamps is the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) based mercury-free plasma UV excilamp . Another difficulty related to AOPs is that, after the degradation process, the extraction and reuse of the catalysts from the treated matrix are quite challenging . Recently, many research groups reported the immobilizing of photocatalysts directly onto the reactor walls to remove the organic dyes from the wastewater, , but the problem associated with this process is the decrease in photoactivity after certain cycles as well as the removal and replacement of photocatalysts from treated solution. , So, there is a need for process optimization, which eliminates the recovery and reuse of photocatalysts and simultaneously enhances the mineralization rate.…”

“… 27 Another difficulty related to AOPs is that, after the degradation process, the extraction and reuse of the catalysts from the treated matrix are quite challenging. 28 Recently, many research groups reported the immobilizing of photocatalysts directly onto the reactor walls to remove the organic dyes from the wastewater, 29 , 30 but the problem associated with this process is the decrease in photoactivity after certain cycles as well as the removal and replacement of photocatalysts from treated solution. 31 , 32 So, there is a need for process optimization, which eliminates the recovery and reuse of photocatalysts and simultaneously enhances the mineralization rate.…”