Review on space weather in Latin America. 2. The research networks ready for space weather

Denardini, Clezio Marcos; Dasso, S.; González-Esparza, A.

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2016.03.013

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It is important to emphasize that we manually scaled all the ionospheric parameters using the SAO software (Reinisch et al, 2004) since significant discrepancies are often found between the automatically generated and real ionospheric parameters in the studied regions. Further information on the ionosonde, data availability, and other parameters related to the ionospheric observatories from which we collected the data for this work can be found in the review by Denardini et al (2016).…”

Section: Digisonde Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Disturbance Dynamo Electric Field in the Formation of Strong Sporadic E Layers Over Boa Vista, a Low‐Latitude Station in the American Sector

et al. 2020

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This study analyzes strong sporadic E layer (Es) formation in Boa Vista (BV, 2.8°N, 60.7°W, dip: 18°), a low‐latitude region in the Brazilian sector, which occurred far after the onset of a magnetic storm recovery phase. Such occurrences were observed during seven magnetic storms with available data for BV. Thus, the ionospheric behavior on days around the magnetic storm that occurred on 20 January 2016 was investigated to search for possible explanations. This analysis indicated that the probable mechanism acting during the Es layer strengthening is the zonal westward electric field caused by a disturbance dynamo. The same evidence was also observed in two other magnetic storms at the same location. Hence, a numerical model of the E region dynamics, called MIRE (Portuguese acronym for E Region Ionospheric Model), was used to confirm whether the disturbance dynamo could cause the Es layer intensification. The inputs for the model were the electric field deduced from the vertical drift and the wind components provided by GSWM‐00 model. The simulations indicate that the Es layer density is significantly enhanced when the zonal electric field is present compared to the reference scenario with only the winds. Therefore, it is concluded that the disturbance dynamo electric field is the likely cause of the strong Es layers in the analyzed cases. Finally, the combined results from the model and observational data seem to contribute significantly to advance our understanding of the role of the electric fields in the Es layer formation at low latitudes.

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Section: Digisonde Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Disturbance Dynamo Electric Field in the Formation of Strong Sporadic E Layers Over Boa Vista, a Low‐Latitude Station in the American Sector

et al. 2020

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“…This section provides information on space weather research infrastructures, which include the instruments used to perform space weather observations and the bodies that use the data from these instruments to provide space weather forecasts, warnings and other services. While regional surveys of such infrastructures exist (see Denardini et al, 2016 for a recent review of space weather research networks in Latin America), our survey concentrates on the worldwide infrastructure, specifically operating in the radio domain.…”

Section: Space Weather Radio Research Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Radio observatories and instrumentation used in space weather science and operations

Carley

Baldovin

Benthem

et al. 2020

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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The low frequency array (LOFAR) is a phased array interferometer currently consisting of 13 international stations across Europe and 38 stations surrounding a central hub in the Netherlands. The instrument operates in the frequency range of ~10–240 MHz and is used for a variety of astrophysical science cases. While it is not heliophysics or space weather dedicated, a new project entitled “LOFAR for Space Weather” (LOFAR4SW) aims at designing a system upgrade to allow the entire array to observe the Sun, heliosphere, Earth’s ionosphere, and Jupiter throughout its observing window. This will allow the instrument to operate as a space weather observing platform, facilitating both space weather science and operations. Part of this design study aims to survey the existing space weather infrastructure operating at radio frequencies and show how LOFAR4SW can advance the current state-of-the-art in this field. In this paper, we survey radio instrumentation and facilities that currently operate in space weather science and/or operations, including instruments involved in solar, heliospheric, and ionospheric studies. We furthermore include an overview of the major space weather service providers in operation today and the current state-of-the-art in the radio data they use and provide routinely. The aim is to compare LOFAR4SW to the existing radio research infrastructure in space weather and show how it may advance both space weather science and operations in the radio domain in the near future.

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“…At the same time, due to growing awareness in the public and private sectors on the threats related to space weather, GIMs and also regional GNSS-based TEC maps have become one of the many products employed in forecasting, nowcasting, and characterizing severe events (e.g., Bobrinsky et al, 2011;Moulin et al, 2013;Orús et al, 2007). In Latin America the interest on space weather studies have also increased, particularly Space Weather 10.1029/2019SW002187 in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru (Denardini et al, 2016a, 2016b, 2016cHysell et al, 2018;Valladares & Chau, 2012). Currently, the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais through the program Estudo e Monitoramento Brasileiro do Clima Espacial (EMBRACE/INPE, Brazil) and the Instituto de Geofísica from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (IGF/UNAM, Mexico), in support to the Laboratorio Nacional de Clima Espacial (LANCE, Mexico), are routinely producing regional GNSS-based TEC maps in order to assimilate them into space weather forecasting models (Gonzalez-Esparza et al, 2016;Takahashi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi‐GNSS, Multifrequency, and Near‐Real‐Time Ionospheric TEC Monitoring System for South America

2019

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Taking advantage of the public Global Navigational Satellite Systems (GNSS) infrastructure in South America, an operational monitoring system for the total electron content (TEC) in the ionosphere has been developed. It incorporates data in near real time, from more than 90 GNSS satellites tracked by more than 200 ground stations. In turn, the system produces every 15 min a snapshot, that is a map, of the current state of the regional ionosphere, which is immediately available online. These maps could be employed, for example, to augment positioning with single‐frequency GNSS receivers. They could also be combined with similar products in order to obtain weighted and reliable regional TEC maps, even in near real time. Most importantly, these products could be employed as data input in space environment forecasting and nowcasting models, given their very short latency of just a few minutes. In order to assess the response of the whole system to severe geomagnetic disturbances, the performance of the whole monitoring system during an actual geomagnetic storm has been investigated. The results suggest that the near‐real‐time system should be quite capable to monitor the regional TEC at a high temporal rate even under such conditions.

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Review on space weather in Latin America. 2. The research networks ready for space weather

Cited by 29 publications

References 33 publications

The Influence of Disturbance Dynamo Electric Field in the Formation of Strong Sporadic E Layers Over Boa Vista, a Low‐Latitude Station in the American Sector

The Influence of Disturbance Dynamo Electric Field in the Formation of Strong Sporadic E Layers Over Boa Vista, a Low‐Latitude Station in the American Sector

Radio observatories and instrumentation used in space weather science and operations

A Multi‐GNSS, Multifrequency, and Near‐Real‐Time Ionospheric TEC Monitoring System for South America

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