Review on space energy

Zhang, Tao; Li, Yiteng; Yin, Chen; Feng, Xiang; Zhu, Xingyu; Chen, Zhangxin; Yao, Jun; Zheng, Yongchun; Cai, Jianchao; Song, Hongqing; Sun, Shuyu

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116896

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…In order to study phase equilibrium states of the fluid mixture containing water, the Helmholtz free energy is determined as:

F = F^{PR} + F^{ASSOC},

where the first term refers to the free energy implemented above based on the Peng‐Robinson EOS, and the second term refers to the correction of association as described in Reference [21], formulated as:

F^{ASSOC} = NRT \underset{A}{false\sum} ({italiclnX}_{A} - \frac{1}{2} X_{A} + \frac{1}{2}),

where the unbounded site fraction of site

A

on water molecule can be solved by:

X_{A} = \frac{1}{1 + \frac{1}{V} N \sum_{B} X_{B} {normalΔ}^{italicAB}},

with the association strength

Δ^{italicAB}

defined as

Δ^{italicAB} = g β^{italicAB} [\exp (\frac{ε^{italicAB}}{RT}) - 1] b .

The association volume and association energy parameter, represented by

β^{italicAB}

and

ε^{italicAB}

respectively, are defined between site

A

and site

B

on the water molecule. The radial distribution function,

g

, can be calculated by

g = 1 ∕ (1 - 1.9 η)

with the reduced density

η = bN ∕ 4 V .

22 Thus, the ...…”

Section: Thermodynamically‐consistent Nvt Flash Calculation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamically‐consistent flash calculation in energy industry: From iterative schemes to a unified thermodynamics‐informed neural network

Tao

Sun

Bai³

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Multicomponent multiphase fluid flows are commonly seen in the engineering practice of hydrocarbon production and transportation; thus, the phase‐wise heat and mass transfer mechanisms underneath the macroscopic flow and transport behaviors are essentially needed for better understanding of the physical phenomena and optimization of the industrial processes. Flash calculation, as the main approach computing phase equilibrium conditions, has arisen increasing interests to establish the thermodynamic foundations of multiphase flow simulation, as well as to determine whether two‐phase model is needed. In this paper, the general thermodynamically‐consistent flash calculation scheme will be developed, and the general adaptability to various special mechanisms will be analyzed. A unified framework of thermodynamics‐informed neural network will also be designed to accelerate conventional iterative flash calculation schemes that will be applied in various engineering scenarios to provide certain suggestions to the energy industry based on the predictions and analysis. Novelty Statement A thermodynamically‐consistent flash calculation scheme incorporating various special mechanisms that are often met in energy industry. A unified thermodynamics‐informed neural network structure for various engineering demands in the energy industry. Suggestions to the energy industry to optimize the productions based on the phase transition predictions and analysis.

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“…In order to study phase equilibrium states of the fluid mixture containing water, the Helmholtz free energy is determined as:

F = F^{PR} + F^{ASSOC},

F^{ASSOC} = NRT \underset{A}{false\sum} ({italiclnX}_{A} - \frac{1}{2} X_{A} + \frac{1}{2}),

where the unbounded site fraction of site

A

on water molecule can be solved by:

X_{A} = \frac{1}{1 + \frac{1}{V} N \sum_{B} X_{B} {normalΔ}^{italicAB}},

with the association strength

Δ^{italicAB}

defined as

Δ^{italicAB} = g β^{italicAB} [\exp (\frac{ε^{italicAB}}{RT}) - 1] b .

The association volume and association energy parameter, represented by

β^{italicAB}

and

ε^{italicAB}

respectively, are defined between site

A

and site

B

on the water molecule. The radial distribution function,

g

, can be calculated by

g = 1 ∕ (1 - 1.9 η)

with the reduced density

η = bN ∕ 4 V .

22 Thus, the ...…”

Section: Thermodynamically‐consistent Nvt Flash Calculation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamically‐consistent flash calculation in energy industry: From iterative schemes to a unified thermodynamics‐informed neural network

Tao

Sun

Bai³

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

Self Cite

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“…Therefore, Δα, R, and CV, three relatively unchanged parameters, can be used to characterize the inner space characteristics of REE. To further study the relationship between REE and multifractal distribution patterns, dividing each value in P 2 O 5 by a constant [21] such as 10, has no effect on the shape of the multifractal spectrum. This indicates that the multifractal spectrum, ∆α, and asymmetric index, R, are not affected by the global distortion.…”

Section: Multifractal Analysis Of Reementioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Fractal Characteristics of Deep-Sea REE-Rich Sediments in the Western Pacific

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

Minerals

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At present, the challenge for geochemical prospecting of deep-sea, rare, earth-rich sediments is the selection of exploration sites. Because of the unpredictability of offshore operations, the distribution and selection of survey line stations face great challenges. In this paper, we study the fact that the concentration distribution of geochemistry in space may be a part of a special complex process, which is called the multifractal. It requires a large number of indexes to characterize its scale characteristics. Based on the multifractal spectrum, 38 geochemical indices in the Pigafetta Basin region of the western Pacific Ocean are divided into three categories. The three indexes are distinguished by the multifractal parameters. The results of multifractals are in good agreement with those of the cluster analysis and principal component analysis. In addition, on the basis of principal component analysis, we further used the multifractal filtering method to extract element anomalies and delineate element enrichment regions. The first principal component clearly represents the potential element enrichment area. The spatial analysis technique and multifractal method proposed in the paper provide a new idea for geochemical prospecting of deep-sea, rare, earth-rich sediments.

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“…All the fluid properties were obtained from or according to the Ling Xin mining area, China. e threephase porous flow conducted in this work could be considered as an incompressible two-dimensional flow [45][46][47][48][49].…”

Section: Injection Experiments Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Three-Phase Saturation Distribution Based on Microfluidic Visualization Experiment: A Case Study of Ling Xin Mining Area

Hu¹,

Huang²,

Song³

et al. 2022

Geofluids

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Flow characteristics and phase distribution of concentrated brine storage in mining area have been core factors linking to the leakage risk assessment and ecological evaluation. Notably, saturation plays a crucial role in impacting the flow characteristics and distribution of brine, while the existence of oil left by mining machines and original reservoir and gas produced from coal bed gas and air has complicated the issue. In this work, we conducted the microfluidic visualization experiments to reveal the saturation distribution during brine storage in mining area. We applied machine learning model to extract saturation data from experimental images with over 95% accuracy. Eventually, we found that the existence of gas significantly impacts on the saturation distribution in micropores accounting for more than 80% contribution. We clarified that the gas production rate of median 200 μL/min impacts the least on saturation variation. Results in this research are of significance for deeper comprehension on three-phase saturation characteristics of concentrated brine storage in mining area.

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Review on space energy

Cited by 39 publications

References 131 publications

Thermodynamically‐consistent flash calculation in energy industry: From iterative schemes to a unified thermodynamics‐informed neural network

Thermodynamically‐consistent flash calculation in energy industry: From iterative schemes to a unified thermodynamics‐informed neural network

Geochemical Fractal Characteristics of Deep-Sea REE-Rich Sediments in the Western Pacific

Research on Three-Phase Saturation Distribution Based on Microfluidic Visualization Experiment: A Case Study of Ling Xin Mining Area

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