Review on Solid Waste Generation and Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of Nigeria

Abstract

Nigeria just likes every other country in sub-Sahara Africa is faced with solid waste generation and management. Solid waste is dump indiscriminately and seen in huge heaps on any piece of unused land, around buildings, drainage system, institutions, playing ground, roads side, and in the open market places in major cities and towns. Living with solid wastes littered around seems to be an acceptable way of life among the people in this part of the world. This research work reported intensive review on solid wastes generation and management in this region using Nigeria as a case study. The application of knowledge of solid waste generation and management approach is crucial for inculcating a change of attitude towards improving the management of generated solid waste in this region. From the review, it was observed that biodegradable solid waste that can be managed via the biogas technology and landfill technology have the highest percentage fraction while the remaining fraction that comprised of non-biodegradable and combustible solid waste can be managed via other technology such incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, etc. Besides, the inefficient management of generated solid waste by individuals, households, institution, consumers and waste management companies can be attributed to inadequate information on waste management benefits, insufficient academic research and industry linkages, financial constraint, economic constraint, cultural constraint, lack of planning and projection, social constraint, lack of producers' involvement in waste management as well as poor implementation of government policies and lack of comprehensive legal framework.

Effectiveness and Efficiency of Solid Waste Services in Lagos State, Nigeria

“…Although the PSP ranking is the highest, none of the service providers did well enough to be classified as delivering efficient and effective solid waste management suggesting that there is much to be done. The above finding is similar to the submissions by Choi (2016) and Orhorhoro and Oghoghorie (2019).…”

Municipal Solid Waste Management Practices for Achieving Green Architecture Concepts in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…According to the experts of Addis Ababa Solid Waste Management Agency, in the city, the formal waste management sector is characterized by the primary collection, carried out mainly by pre-collector associations, the secondary collection, and final disposal, mostly carried out by the government, and few SMEs. Similarly, a study conducted in Bangladesh [39], Mozambique [40], and Nigeria [41] showed that, like most developing According to the experts of Addis Ababa Solid Waste Management Agency, in the city, the formal waste management sector is characterized by the primary collection, carried out mainly by pre-collector associations, the secondary collection, and final disposal, mostly carried out by the government, and few SMEs. Similarly, a study conducted in Bangladesh [39], Mozambique [40], and Nigeria [41] showed that, like most developing countries, waste is collected from generation sources, and transferred to ultimate disposal sites (landfill).…”

“…Similarly, in developing countries, cities have failed to fully implement the ISWM strategies at their full capacity. However, in the major cities, developing literature shows there has been an attempt, but rapid urbanization, population growth, increasing consumption, and way of life makes the application of ISWM difficult [11,[40][41][42].…”

Potential landfill sites selection using GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis in Dodoma capital city, central Tanzania

“…Poor planning of cities, population inflation, expansion of urban areas, higher living standards among others results in improper waste management in most low-income countries (Al-Salem et al, 2018;Ghinea et al, 2016); resulting in degradation of the earth's resources and quality of life (Carota et al, 2018). In the recent world, 1.3 billion tonnes of solid waste are produced yearly (Orhorhoro & Oghoghorie, 2019), with the expectation of 2.2 billion tonnes by 2025 (Kharlamova et al, 2016). In African countries, about 95% of solid waste produced from different sources is discarded at peripheries of cities or in open dumpsites and wetland areas (Weldeyohanis et al, 2020).…”