Review on Rice Husk Biochar as an Adsorbent for Soil and Water Remediation

Li, Zheyong; Zheng, Zhiwei; Li, Hongcheng; Xu, Dong; Li, Xing; Xiang, Limin; Tu, Shuxin

doi:10.3390/plants12071524

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…In this regard, carbonized rice husk has been extensively studied under a limited supply of oxygen (O 2 ) and at moderate pyrolysis temperatures to enhance its calorific value, carbon content, and pore properties in recent years [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The biochar produced from rice husk can be used as soil amendment, liquid-phase adsorbent, or as a precursor for activated carbon [24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of High-Porosity Biochar from Rice Husk by the Microwave Pyrolysis Process

Kuo,

Tsai,

Yang

et al. 2023

Processes

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This study focused on the highly efficient pyrolysis of rice husk (RH) for producing high-porosity biochar at above 450 °C under various microwave output powers (300–1000 W) and residence times (5–15 min). The findings showed that the maximal calorific value (i.e., 19.89 MJ/kg) can be obtained at the mildest microwave conditions of 300 W when holding for 5 min, giving a moderate enhancement factor (117.4%, or the ratio of 19.89 MJ/kg to 16.94 MJ/kg). However, the physical properties (i.e., surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution) of the RH-based biochar products significantly increased as the microwave output power increased from 300 to 1000 W, but they declined at longer residence times of 5 min to 15 min when applying a microwave output power of 1000 W. In this work, it was concluded that the optimal microwave pyrolysis conditions for producing high-porosity biochar should be operated at 1000 W, holding for 5 min. The maximal pore properties (i.e., BET surface area of 172.04 m2/g and total pore volume of 0.1229 cm3/g) can be achieved in the resulting biochar products with both the microporous and the mesoporous features. On the other hand, the chemical characteristics of the RH-based biochar products were analyzed by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), displaying some functional complexes containing carbon–oxygen (C–O), carbon–hydrogen (C–H), and silicon–oxygen (Si–O) bonds on the surface of the RH-based biochar.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of High-Porosity Biochar from Rice Husk by the Microwave Pyrolysis Process

Kuo,

Tsai,

Yang

et al. 2023

Processes

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“…In the case of Cd, minimum adsorption percentages can be seen when using the biosorbent URH, obtaining up to 20% adsorption when using URH1. However, when using RHTA1, it is observed that this percentage increased to 40%, probably as a consequence of the greater number of functional groups exposed and with which this metal can interact, since it is known that the functional groups that contain nitrogen have a strong affinity for the formation of complexes with metals, such as Cd, Cu, and Zn [60].…”

Section: Adsorption and Desorption Of Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…which this metal can interact, since it is known that the functional groups that contain nitrogen have a strong affinity for the formation of complexes with metals, such as Cd, Cu, and Zn [60]. In addition, it is important to point out that the pH plays an important factor; therefore, in this study, the pH was 5, which favors the adsorption of these metal ions, because if the pH is increased, the surface of the biosorbent becomes in a higher positive charge that promotes a slow removal of metal ions [12].…”

Section: Adsorption and Desorption Of Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of a Mixture of Metals for Competiting Adsorption Sites of Untreated and Alkali-Treated Rice Husk

Flores-Trujillo,

Morales-Mendoza,

Rodríguez-Vázquez

2024

Processes

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Elements are released into water bodies, affecting the environment and human health. To address this problem, the adsorption-desorption capacity of untreated rice husk (URH) and rice husk treated with alkali (RHTA) for Cu(II), Pb(II), Fe(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) was investigated. Analyses during the process were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Adsorption-desorption kinetics and isotherms were carried out. The FTIR analysis of RHTA revealed a lowering of intensity of the bonding signals (OH, C-O, CH2, CH3, SiO2, Si-OH) and loss of some signals due to the adsorbent-elements interaction. The adsorption on RHTA presented higher adsorption of Fe, followed by Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd. Meanwhile, in URH, the adsorption was Fe > Pb > Cu > Zn and Cd. On the other hand, the desorption values for RHTA were Zn > Cd > Pb > Cu > and Fe and Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb and Fe for URH. The adsorption kinetics showed that data fit (R2 ≥ 0.89) to pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich isotherms (R2 ≥ 0.84) for both ATRH and URH, indicating that the process occurs in the multilayer form and is controlled by chemisorption, where the adsorption depends on the active sites of the adsorbent surface.

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Luxury application of biochar does not enhance rice yield and methane mitigation: a review and data analysis

Pia,

Baek,

Park

et al. 2024

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose It is unclear whether a higher biochar (BC) application rate enhances rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and reduces CH4 emissions. This study investigated changes in rice yield and CH4 emissions with varying BC application rates. Methods Data on rice yield and CH4 emission from paddies amended with or without BC were collected from the literature, and the biochar effects were analyzed using the data set. Results Across the biochar application rate from 2 to 48 t ha-1, the rice yield increased (by 10.8%) while the area-scaled (by 14.4%) and yield-scaled CH4 emission (by 22.2%) decreased. However, the correlation of BC application rates with rice yield and CH4 mitigation was not significant, implying that a higher BC application rate did not enhance rice yield and CH4 reduction. Interestingly, for a data set showing increased rice yield and decreased CH4 emission by BC, the magnitude of change in the rice yield and CH4 mitigation per unit weight of BC (1 t ha-1) decreased with an increase in the BC application rate. These results suggest that BC effects on rice yield and CH4 mitigation are not additive, probably because of the decreases in the inherent capacity of unit weight of BC to enhance rice yield and reduce CH4 emission, which might be caused by the adverse effects of toxic compounds contained in BC, losses of BC, and a higher degree of nutrient immobilization by BC. Conclusions Annual BC application at a low rate (e.g., 2 t ha-1) rather than a luxury application may be an effective and economical strategy for long-term rice yield enhancement and CH4 mitigation using BC.

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Review on Rice Husk Biochar as an Adsorbent for Soil and Water Remediation

Cited by 8 publications

References 159 publications

Production of High-Porosity Biochar from Rice Husk by the Microwave Pyrolysis Process

Production of High-Porosity Biochar from Rice Husk by the Microwave Pyrolysis Process

Behavior of a Mixture of Metals for Competiting Adsorption Sites of Untreated and Alkali-Treated Rice Husk

Luxury application of biochar does not enhance rice yield and methane mitigation: a review and data analysis

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