Review on recent progress in on-line monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source emissions in China

Wang, Huanqin; Zhou, Jitong; Li, Xue; Ling, Qiang; Wei, Hongyuan; Gao, Lei; He, Ying; Zhu, Ming; Xiao, Xiao; Liu, Youjiang; Li, Shan; Chen, Chilai; Duan, Guotao; Peng, Zhimin; Zhou, P.; Duan, Yufeng; Wang, Jianbing; Yu, Tongzhu; Yang, Yixing; Wang, Ji‐Guang; Zhou, Zhen; Gui, Huaqiao; Ding, Yao

doi:10.1016/j.jes.2022.06.043

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The Hg-CEMS integrates mainly the flue gas sampling module, the mercury separation and transformation module, the mercury analytical module, and the calibration module. 5,6 Of those, the calibration module is responsible for the accuracy of both the mercury detection module and the precision of the whole system. 7,8 The mercury calibration gas comprises elemental mercury and divalent mercury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, the Hg-CEMS is only the most suitable strategy for mercury online control and real-time supervision by the government. The Hg-CEMS integrates mainly the flue gas sampling module, the mercury separation and transformation module, the mercury analytical module, and the calibration module. , Of those, the calibration module is responsible for the accuracy of both the mercury detection module and the precision of the whole system. , The mercury calibration gas comprises elemental mercury and divalent mercury. The elemental mercury calibration usually uses the mercury penetration tube but it provides only the elemental mercury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HgCl₂ Calibration Gas Generated by a Solid Oxidant

Zhou,

Li,

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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The generation of gaseous, chlorine-free, and pure HgCl 2 calibration gas is a vital technology for the mercury continuous emission monitoring system (Hg-CEMS). Presently, the conventional approaches involve gaseous chlorine sources (Cl 2 /HCl) to oxidize Hg 0 or liquid HgCl 2 to be evaporated. However, the former inevitably engenders the excessive chlorine species that detrimentally affects the purity of HgCl 2 , and the latter does not achieve a steady flow rate of HgCl 2 . In this paper, a new technology was invented that uses the metal chlorides as the chlorine source to oxidize Hg 0 to produce highly pure and precise gaseous HgCl 2 calibration gas that can be entirely applied in the Hg-CEMS. The impacts of metal chlorides, carrier materials, agent dosages, and reaction temperatures on the HgCl 2 generation efficiency were investigated. The findings demonstrate that the optimal oxidant is CuCl 2 as the active component, which is supported by MCM-41 as the carrier with a dosage of 10% in mass. The active component manifests a highly dispersed amorphous state and a crystalline state upon the carrier that are characterized in different activation temperatures. Amorphous state Cu and Cl efficiently oxidize Hg 0 to HgCl 2 at 60 °C, while crystalline CuCl 2 requires a higher activation temperature of 180 °C, suggesting a reaction temperature of 180 °C that optimally allows the active components to be fully utilized and avoids HgCl 2 condensation at a low temperature to ensure the efficiency of the oxidation reaction. HgCl is verified as an intermediate species to form ultimate HgCl 2 . HgCl is formed by Hg 0 and active chlorine in CuCl 2 through the fast chemical reaction, which subsequently produces the resultant HgCl 2 by exchanging the electrons with Cu 2+ through the Cl atoms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HgCl₂ Calibration Gas Generated by a Solid Oxidant

Zhou,

Li,

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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“…However, the majority of epidemiological studies have primarily concentrated on sampling in indoor environments with high levels of VOCs (400 ppb to more than 2000 ppb). − Consequently, these studies have not been able to gather data on ambient VOCs. In contrast, the current application of online ambient VOCs monitoring and analysis techniques enables the collection of detailed ambient VOCs data with high temporal resolution over uninterrupted time periods. − Nevertheless, there is a lack of adequate epidemiological studies examining the correlation between the low levels of ambient VOCs and the health of the population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds Exposome and Emergency Hospital Admissions for Cardiovascular Disease

Zhang,

Chen,

Sun

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The limited research on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has not taken into account the interactions between constituents. We used the weighted quantile sum (WQS) model and generalized linear model (GLM) to quantify the joint effects of ambient VOCs exposome and identify the substances that play key roles. For a 0 day lag, a quartile increase of WQS index for n-alkanes, iso/anti-alkanes, aromatic, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated saturated chain hydrocarbons, and halogenated unsaturated chain hydrocarbons were associated with 1.09% (95% CI: 0.13, 2.06%), 0.98% (95% CI: 0.22, 1.74%), 0.92% (95% CI: 0.14, 1.69%), 1.03% (95% CI: 0.14, 1.93%), 1.69% (95% CI: 0.48, 2.91%), and 1.85% (95% CI: 0.93, 2.79%) increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) emergency hospital admissions, respectively. Independent effects of key substances on CVD-related emergency hospital admissions were also reported. In particular, an interquartile range increase in 1,1,1-trichloroethane, methylene chloride, styrene, and methylcyclohexane is associated with a greater risk of CVD-associated emergency hospital admissions [3.30% (95% CI: 1.93, 4.69%), 3.84% (95% CI: 1.21, 6.53%), 5.62% (95% CI: 1.35, 10.06%), 8.68% (95% CI: 3.74, 13.86%), respectively]. We found that even if ambient VOCs are present at a considerably low concentration, they can cause cardiovascular damage. This should prompt governments to establish and improve concentration standards for VOCs and their sources. At the same time, policies should be introduced to limit VOCs emission to protect public health.

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“…Gas sensors play a crucial role in monitoring the concentration of toxic gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxide (NO x ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and volatile organic chemicals. [1][2][3][4] These sensors are categorized into several types based on their sensing elements: metal oxide sensors, optical gas sensors, electrochemical gas sensors, calorimetric gas sensors, and capacitance-based gas sensors. [5][6][7] Among these, optical gas sensors offer numerous advantages, including high sensitivity, excellent discriminatory capabilities, compact size, prolonged lifespan, wide measurement range, and fast response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel pyroelectric single crystals PIN-PMN-PT and their applications for NDIR gas detectors

Chen,

Zhu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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Ternary manganese-doped (1−x−y)Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-xPb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-yPbTiO3 (Mn-doped PIN-PMN-PT) single crystals have demonstrated remarkable pyroelectric properties alongside enhanced temperature stability. These attributes hold substantial promise for the advancement of high precision nondispersive infrared (NDIR) applications. In this study, Mn-doped 0.21Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.49Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 single crystals were introduced and carefully investigated. A compensated structure of pyroelectric infrared detector based on Mn-doped PIN-PMN-PT single crystal was designed and fabricated, and a CO2 gas concentration monitoring module was built. Results showed that Mn-doped PIN-PMN-PT single crystals exhibit high pyroelectric coefficient, and better thermal stability than binary (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 system. The compensated pyroelectric infrared detectors using Mn-doped PIN-PMN-PT single crystals as element chips showcase a performance that is approximately fourfold higher than that of commercial LiTaO3 pyroelectric detectors. The NDIR CO2 gas sensor module was assembled and exhibited remarkable accuracy along with an impressively low minimum detection concentration. These outcomes underscores its substantial potential for practical utilization in gas monitoring applications.

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Review on recent progress in on-line monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source emissions in China

Cited by 26 publications

References 68 publications

HgCl₂ Calibration Gas Generated by a Solid Oxidant

HgCl₂ Calibration Gas Generated by a Solid Oxidant

Association between Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds Exposome and Emergency Hospital Admissions for Cardiovascular Disease

Novel pyroelectric single crystals PIN-PMN-PT and their applications for NDIR gas detectors

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Review on recent progress in on-line monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source emissions in China

Cited by 26 publications

References 68 publications

HgCl2 Calibration Gas Generated by a Solid Oxidant

HgCl2 Calibration Gas Generated by a Solid Oxidant

Association between Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds Exposome and Emergency Hospital Admissions for Cardiovascular Disease

Novel pyroelectric single crystals PIN-PMN-PT and their applications for NDIR gas detectors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

HgCl₂ Calibration Gas Generated by a Solid Oxidant

HgCl₂ Calibration Gas Generated by a Solid Oxidant