Review on rail corrugation studies

Sato, Yoshihiko; Matsumoto, Akira; Knothe, Klaus

doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(02)00092-3

Cited by 158 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the contact area, wheel and rail exchange interaction forces: the presence of irregularities on the running surfaces arises from dynamic loads, that, besides getting worse the damaged surface initiates vibrations of vehicle and track components (the formation of periodic surface defects is also accelerated by the speed-up of trains [36]). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement methods and analysis tools for rail irregularities: a case study for urban tram track

Chiacchiari

Loprencipe

2015

J. Mod. Transport.

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Rail irregularities, in particular for urban railway infrastructures, are one of the main causes for the generation of noise and vibrations. In addition, repetitive loading may also lead to decay of the structural elements of the rolling stock. This further causes an increase in maintenance costs and reduction of service life. Monitoring these defects on a periodic basis enables the network rail managers to apply proactive measures to limit further damage. This paper discusses the measurement methods for rail corrugation with particular regard to the analysis tools for evaluating the thresholds of acceptability in relation to the tramway Italian transport system. Furthermore, a method of analysis has been proposed: an application of the methodology used for treating road profiles has been also utilized for the data processing of rail profilometric data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement methods and analysis tools for rail irregularities: a case study for urban tram track

Chiacchiari

Loprencipe

2015

J. Mod. Transport.

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“…This has motivated ongoing research into understanding, simulating and possibly controlling the phenomenon (see reviews of [1] and [2]). Although much is known now, one of the remaining challenges is the reliable prediction of corrugation growth in the field using mechanics-based modelling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Does god play dice with corrugations?”: Environmental effects on growth

Meehan

Bellette

Horwood

2014

Wear

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Corrugation growth has perplexed many researchers for several decades with remaining challenges including it's reliable prediction in the field. In the present paper, the effect of environmental variations on corrugation growth are investigated using field measurements and mechanics-based modelling. Statistically significant relationships between average daily rainfall, humidity and the growth of rail corrugation were investigated using meterological and railway site field monitoring of a metropolitan network test site with a recurring rail corrugation of about 95mm wavelength.Corrugation growth rate (G r ) was determined by systematically measuring the longitudinal rail profile with a Corrugation Analysis Trolley (CAT) on the 240m radius, narrow gauge, concrete-sleepered curve. Both roughness generated and weld initiated profile growths were investigated. The weather data was obtained from records held by the Bureau of Meteorology. The modelling is developed to provide insight and mechanics based analysis of the field corrugation growth under changes in environmental conditions and vehicle speed variability. Results show a strong correlation between variations in rainfall and corrugation growth that is consistent with changes in steady state wear.Changes in contact patch geometry and the damage mechanism as the corrugation amplitude grows are shown to have substantial but slower effects on growth. The results are used to explain observed changes in corrugation growth rate under variable speed control at the same site.

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“…It is surprising that the corrugation literature is vast and spans more than a century (Sato et al [2002] estimate about 1500 papers), yet true comparisons between models and a careful consideration of the critical ingredients have not been attempted in the literature, leaving the impression that only extremely sophisticated models (and accordingly, accurate measurements for many parameters) could reproduce the phenomenon. We shall return to this later, when our simple model will indeed be developed in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrugation models and the roaring rails enigma: a simple analytical contact mechanics model based on a perturbation of Carter’s solution

Afferrante

Ciavarella

2009

J. Mech. Mater. Struct.

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Corrugation in railways, and especially short pitch corrugation (30-80 mm), is still considered something of an enigma, despite extensive research. Models based on repeated impacts or differential wear, such as Grassie and Johnson's (1985) and Bhaskar et al.'s (1997), seem not to be conclusive, or not to suggest the correct wavelength.Further models have been suggested, either linear (Frederick, Valdivia, Hempelmann, Vassilly and Vincent) or nonlinear (Mueller), but most suggest a constant frequency mechanism invariably connected to vertical resonances of the system either in the low frequency range (50-100 Hz, the resonance of the vehicle's unsprung mass on the track stiffness referred to here as the "P2 resonance", close to the Hertz contact resonance), or at about 1000 Hz (pinned-pinned resonance, in which the rail vibrates almost as if it were a beam pinned at sleepers), or even higher frequencies still (1700-1800 Hz). The experimental data available, by contrast, do not fit these frequency ranges. The discrepancy is tentatively explained with "contact filtering" and varied traffic ideas, but do not convince completely.In this paper, we stress the importance of wheel inertia in coupling the oscillations of normal load, with the variations of tangential load and longitudinal creepage. A simple zeroth order perturbation of the classical rolling contact solutions is suggested, which obtains good qualitative agreement with experimental evidence. The model also leads to the recognition that vertical resonances are not crucial in explaining corrugation, as believed in previous models, since we use an extremely simple model of an Euler beam with no elastic support, having no resonances. Important factors for the growth of corrugation are the friction coefficient and the tractive ratio. High longitudinal creepage is needed to promote rapid development, and this can arise from curving, hunting motion or misaligned axles, and is probably exacerbated by high contact conformity, since this increases the fluctuating component of longitudinal creepage due to the movement of the contact point. With discrete supports, we expect a modulation of corrugation wavelength and amplitude, but this requires a separate investigation, not just the inclusion of pinned-pinned resonance.

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Review on rail corrugation studies

Cited by 158 publications

References 14 publications

Measurement methods and analysis tools for rail irregularities: a case study for urban tram track

Measurement methods and analysis tools for rail irregularities: a case study for urban tram track

“Does god play dice with corrugations?”: Environmental effects on growth

Corrugation models and the roaring rails enigma: a simple analytical contact mechanics model based on a perturbation of Carter’s solution

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