Review on phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of plant Calendula officinalis Linn

Abstract

Calendula officinalis, a member of the Asteraceae family and also called as Pot Marigold, is a fragrant herb used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to cure injuries, sores, herpes, scar tissues, skin problems, frost-bite, and blood purifying. It is primarily used for the treatment due to its numerous pharmacological properties such as analgesic, anti–hyperglycaemic, anti-ulcer, and anti-inflammatory. It is also used to cure gastro-intestinal issues, obstetric issues, eye problems, skin wounds, and some instances of burns. Calendula oil is still being used therapeutically as an anti-cancer agent and a tissue repair cure. Calendula extracts have antiviral and anti-mutagenic activities in-vitro, according to plant pharmacological studies. Calendula in suspension or liquid form is being used topically in herbal remedies to treat skin conditions like acne, reduce swelling, regulate bleeding, and soothe irritated tissue. Internal use of an admixture or tincture of the flower petals is effective for the treatment of yeast infections and indigestion. Calendula officinalis infusion can also be used to cure insect bites, eye inflammatory disorders, boils and carbuncles, varicosities, dermatitis, and as a rinse for oral sores or tooth pain. Phytochemical screening has revealed the existence of several groups of compounds, the most important of which are triterpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, quinones, volatile oil, carotenoids, and amino acids. This review investigated the sensory attributes, in-vitro, and in-vivo pharmacological properties, as well as the explanation, agricultural production, and active compounds of Calendula officinalis, in terms of enhancing the current knowledge on this plant and illustrate its multiactivity characteristics as a therapeutic plant.

Edible Flowers Used in Some Countries of the Mediterranean Basin: An Ethnobotanical Overview

“…Faradiol, caffeic acid, rutin, and chlorogenic acid isolated from C. officinalis exhibit biological activity [ 162 ]. Pharmacological studies have shown that the marigold exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and wound healing properties [ 163 , 164 , 165 ]. In the folk phytotherapy, both C. officinalis and C. arvensis are used as remedies for a wide range of diseases.…”

Protective effects of Althaea officinalis L. extract against N‐diethylnitrosamine‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats through antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, mitochondrial apoptosis and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways

“…Various studies show that this plant is rich of polyphenol compounds such as daidzein, genistein, apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, catechin, resveratrol, curcumin, rutin, betulinic acid, and artemisinin. These compounds can be effective with their anti‐inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and antiproliferative effects on the growth, proliferation, metabolism, function, and motility of tumor cells (Dhanasekaran et al, 2009; Dhingra et al, 2022; Kaur et al, 2019). Quercetin is a flavonoid compound that affects the cell cycle, growth, metastasis, and proliferation of colon, breast, and prostate tumors through various pathways such as p53/miR‐34a/SIRT1, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, IL‐6/STAT3, and Notch/AKT/mTOR and suppresses tumor cells (Lou et al, 2015; Michaud‐Levesque et al, 2012).…”

“…Different studies have shown that some plant extracts, including Calendula officinalis L., Cassia fistula L., Salmo gairdneri L., Agaricus blazei L., Tinospora cordifolia L., and Punica granatum L., due to their polyphenolic compounds (flavonoids and isoflavonoids), protect hepatocytes against DEN‐induced HCC through different pathways. The extracts of these plants contain different compounds such as daidzein, genistein, quercetin, kaempferol, catechin, resveratrol, curcumin, rutin, betulinic acid, and artemisinin, which suppress various tumors including HCC through anti‐inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and antiproliferative activities (Dhanasekaran et al, 2009; Dhingra et al, 2022; Kaur et al, 2019; Lee & Hong, 2011).…”

“…DEN and its metabolites stimulate Kupffer cells, neutrophils, and liver lymphocytes to increase the panel of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β) and inhibit the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-4, IL-2, and IL-13; Chen et al, 2015). Therefore, the most suit- HCC through anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and antiproliferative activities (Dhanasekaran et al, 2009;Dhingra et al, 2022;Kaur et al, 2019;Lee & Hong, 2011).…”

Asteraceae Seeds as Alternative Ingredients in a Fibre-Rich Diet: Protein Quality and Metabolic Effects in Rats

“…However, the chemical composition of pot marigold seeds (PMSs) has not been fully recognised thus far, whereas the vegetative parts of this plant, especially the flowers, are the most valuable herbal and cosmetic raw material of pot marigold [ 12 ]. Pot marigold extracts from flowers and leaves have broad beneficial effects, of which anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties are the most documented [ 13 , 14 ]. In contrast to milk thistle, in pot marigold, there is not one specific group of compounds responsible for its beneficial effects, because it contains many groups, including triterpenes, flavonoids, carotenoids, sesquiterpenes and arabinogalactan polysaccharides [ 12 , 14 ].…”