Review on physical impedance models in modern battery research

Abstract

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a versatile tool to understand complex processes in batteries. This technique can investigate the effects of the battery components like the electrode and electrolyte, electrochemical...

High voltage and superior cyclability of indium hexacyanoferrate cathodes for aqueous Na-ion batteries enabled by superconcentrated NaClO4 electrolytes

“…We have shown in several previous studies that loop-shaped impedance spectra indicate a complicated multistep reaction pathway in intercalation-type battery materials. 22,26,42,46 In short, the quick Fe II/III redox process results in the appearance of excess surface charges, which are compensated by intermediate anion ad/desorption from the electrolyte, until finally the slow Na + transfer across the electrode-electrolyte-interface is concluded. 22,42 The EEC model shown as an inset in Fig.…”

Impedance Analysis of Electrochemical Systems

“…The use of equivalent electrical circuits to describe the behavior of batteries has been the subject of recent reviews in which the different types of batteries are presented. , While there are a few simple cases such as the case of thin film insertion within a finite diffusion layer that can be described without ambiguity by an equivalent circuit, − it is interesting to note that the circuit modeling approach most often consists of identifying the processes and adding time constants in series without a physical relationship between the different parameters used, e.g., R , C , the CPE parameters α and Q , L , and the diffusion time constant. − This approach amounts to individualizing each of the contributions and assuming that the quality of the model is governed only by the quality of the fitting, and it may result in a wide dispersion of the parameter values from one author to the other.…”

“…Thus, a wide range of EIS studies have been performed in order to characterize different components of the battery independently, such as polymer electrolytes, ion exchange membranes, − and the SEI formation and its characterization. , Moreover, each type of battery leads to different EIS signatures, thus leading to intensive electrochemical analysis on each different system such as lead/acid batteries, − Li-ion , and Na-ion batteries, NiMH , and Ni/Cd batteries, all-solid-state batteries, − capacitors, − pseudocapacitors, and redox flow batteries. − Interestingly, even though some of these systems have been known for decades, controversy still exists on the right way to conduct experiments on systems that evolve with time and as a function of the state of charge.…”

“…A number of reviews describe impedance spectroscopy for specific applications, including fuel cells, − corrosion, − photovoltaics, and batteries. − Macdonald and Gabrielli review the history of the technique beginning, respectively, with the works of Heaviside and Kohlrausch . Other reviews emphasize experimental methods such as nonlinear impedance spectroscopy, in which a large perturbation induces non-negligible harmonics, and pressure impedance spectroscopy, in which modulation of back pressure results in an impedance-like transfer function. ,, Review papers also discuss use of distribution of relaxation times as a method to interpret impedance spectra. − …”

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Performance Analysis and Challenges in Fuel Cell Applications

“…The information regarding the charge transfer scheme, charge diffusion methods, the doubly-charged layer, and the bulk layer can be obtained using EIS [15]. EIS is a non-destructive approach for characterizing materials and interfaces that assess the electrical characteristics of heterogeneous devices with equivalent circuit designs [16].…”