Review on physical and chemical properties of low and high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEFC) sealants

Kumar, Vikas; Koorata, Poornesh Kumar; Shinde, Umesh; Padavu, Pranav; George, Soney C.

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110151

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Therefore, it is essential to gather all the resources currently accessible on the mechanical properties of PEMFC sealants. The mechanical and chemical degradation properties of sealants in PEMFCs have been extensively studied in Reference 46. Similarly, Bhosale et al 47 studied the role of silicone and PTFE gasket materials and their thicknesses on the performance of PEMFC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low stress creep response of PTFE sealants applied to PEM fuel cells

Kumar,

Koorata

2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Viscoelastic properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) play a crucial role in forecasting its long‐term behavior in engineering applications. An attempt is made to explore the viscoelastic properties of PTFE sealants that are utilized in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). It is to be noted that PTFE sealants are vulnerable to creep under constant loading at elevated temperatures. Moreover, the creep of sealants will lead to leakage of reactants from the cell, which affects the performance of PEMFC. PTFE is an excellent choice as a sealant material in low‐temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (LT‐PEMFC), which operates in the temperature range of 60–80°C. PTFE can be prominently used as sealants in high‐temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT‐PEMFC), as it possesses no significant change in its physical properties within the temperature range of −150 to 300°C along with the working conditions of HT‐PEMFC. In LT‐PEMFC, the sealants will typically be subjected to low stresses in the range of 1–5 MPa. In this article, the creep response of PTFE sealant material is extensively studied at various temperatures of 25 (room temperature), 35, 45, 55, and 65°C and at three stress levels of 2, 3, and 4 MPa. The time–temperature superposition principle is utilized to develop master curve at a reference temperature of 25°C, to forecast long‐term creep characteristics of PTFE sealants. Moreover, the master curve for creep compliance is developed for 4.5 h.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low stress creep response of PTFE sealants applied to PEM fuel cells

Kumar,

Koorata

2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Temperature variations occur throughout the service life of the PEMFC, from long-term repetitive temperature cycling due to startup and shutdown, to short-term temperature fluctuations due to dynamic operation with varying loads. The alternating high and low temperatures not only accelerate the degradation of various physical and chemical properties of viscoelastic materials, leading to significant stress relaxation effects, but also generate significant thermal stresses because of material expansion and contraction [36][37][38][39]. To improve the durability and reliability of PEMFCs, clarification of the quantitative consequences of the superposition of these effects on the sealing performance of the material is critical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on interfacial leakage characteristics of rubber sealing under temperature cycle conditions in PEM fuel cell

et al. 2023

Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng.

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The amount of leakage is the only direct indicator of the sealing performance of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). In this work, a predictive model is developed to quantitatively evaluate the variation of leakage for a PEMFC under temperature cycling conditions. The method first uses the Lattice-Boltzmann Method (LBM) to simulate the gas flow within the contact interfacial gap at various heights. Then the Finite Element Method is used to analyze the local and macroscale contact state of the sealing interface and to clarify the effect of contact stresses on the interfacial gap height. Finally, the generalized Maxwell model, which considers time-temperature transfer and stiffness growth, is used to calculate the interfacial contact stresses under temperature cycling. The validity of the model was verified by comparison with experimental data from the available literature. Further analysis showed that reduced start-up temperature exacerbated the stress relaxation effect and decreased the service life of the seal material. When the start-up temperature is reduced from 25°C to -20°C, the model predicts that the service life of the PEMFC will be reduced by 100 temperature cycles or more. The leakage variation in a cycle was also discussed, and it was found that the leakage fluctuation became more and more significant as the number of cycles increased, weakening system reliability.

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“…These gasket materials and sealants are ideal for applications involving hydrogen fuel cells due to their outstanding chemical and physical characteristics. Fluoroelastomers and PTFE are known for their chemical and high-temperature resistance, and EPDM and silicon rubber are recognised for their flexibility and durability [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FEA Assessment of Contact Pressure and Von Mises Stress in Gasket Material Suitability for PEMFCs in Electric Vehicles

Park,

Kareem,

Joo

et al. 2023

Inventions

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Ensuring the safety of electric vehicles is paramount, and one critical concern is the potential for hazardous hydrogen fuel leaks caused by the degradation of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) gasket materials. This study employs advanced techniques to address this issue. We leverage Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to rigorously assess the suitability of gasket materials for PEMFC applications, focusing on two crucial conditions: ageing and tensile stress. To achieve this, we introduce a comprehensive “dual degradation framework” that considers the effects of contact pressure and von Mises stress. These factors are instrumental in evaluating the performance and durability of Liquid Silicon Rubber (LSR) and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) materials. Our findings reveal the Yeoh model as the most accurate and efficient choice for ageing simulations, boasting a minimal Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and computational time of just 0.27 s. In contrast, the Ogden model, while accurate, requires more computational resources. In assessing overall model performance using MAE, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and R-squared metrics, both LSR and EPDM materials proved promising, with LSR exhibiting superior performance in most areas. Furthermore, our study incorporates uniaxial tensile testing, which yields RMSE and MAE values of 0.30% and 0.40%, respectively. These results provide valuable insights into material behaviour under tensile stress. Our research underscores the pivotal role of FEA in identifying optimal gasket materials for PEMFC applications. Notably, LSR is a superior choice, demonstrating enhanced FEA modelling performance under ageing and tensile conditions. These findings promise to significantly contribute to developing safer and more reliable electric vehicles by advancing gasket material design.

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Review on physical and chemical properties of low and high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEFC) sealants

Cited by 15 publications

References 74 publications

Low stress creep response of PTFE sealants applied to PEM fuel cells

Low stress creep response of PTFE sealants applied to PEM fuel cells

Study on interfacial leakage characteristics of rubber sealing under temperature cycle conditions in PEM fuel cell

FEA Assessment of Contact Pressure and Von Mises Stress in Gasket Material Suitability for PEMFCs in Electric Vehicles

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