Review on microwave nondestructive testing techniques and its applications in concrete technology

Wahab, Abdul Hadi Abdul; Aziz, Maniruzzaman A.; Sam, Abdul Rahman Mohd; You, Kok Yeow; Bhatti, Abdul Qadir; Kassim, Khairul Anuar

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.110

Cited by 53 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Adhvaryu et al [34] demonstrated 2.4 GHz apertured EBG-based microwave patch antenna for steel rebar corrosion characterization in civil structures, and good resolution has been achieved at about 14 mm depth. Far-field and near-field microwave NDT approaches detect corrosion through the magnitude and phase variation of the reflection coefficient [35,36]. From the standpoint of high resolution, signal interpretation, and insensitivity to relative position between sample and antenna, a far-field mode is preferable; but it requires large-aperture antennas to achieve good spatial resolution.…”

Section: Microwave Ndt (Mndt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive Testing for Corrosion Evaluation of Metal under Coating

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2021

Journal of Sensors

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The use of steel has grown rapidly over the past decades. However, corrosion under coating detection still presents challenges for nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques. One of such challenges is the lift-off introduced by complex structures. Inaccessibility due to structure leads corrosion to be undetected, which can lead to catastrophic failure. Furthermore, lift-off effects reduce the sensitivities. The limitations of existing NDT techniques heighten the need for novel approaches to the characterization of corrosion. This paper begins with a discussion of the challenges associated with corrosion detection of metal under coating. Secondly, reviews are given of the most NDT methods used for the detection of corrosion under coating. The different techniques based on nondestructive testing methods such as ultrasonic, acoustic, electromagnetic, radiographic, and thermographic have been detailed out. This review presents the significance and advantages provided by the emerging NDT techniques. In the end, the trends and identified problems are summarized.

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Section: Microwave Ndt (Mndt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive Testing for Corrosion Evaluation of Metal under Coating

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2021

Journal of Sensors

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“…GPR usually utilise electromagnetic wave in the VHF-UHF region of the electromagnetic spectrum where the frequency is easy to compromise [16][17][18][19]. For the purpose of penetrating deeper it is suggested to use the lowest possible frequency because low frequencies give reasonably high penetration depths into the earth with lesser resolution.…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of different subsurface materials depth using Ground Penetrating Radar

Ghazali¹

2019

IJATCSE

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This paper present the technique to compare the depth of pipe measured with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to the actual value determine during pipe installation. In this study six different subsurface materials were used to bury the pipes meant to evaluate the impact of these materials toward the depths obtained from reflected wave. Estimation of depth for buried object required an understanding of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) functioning that include the concept of pulse, wavelength, strength of the energy (amplitude), travelling time as well as reflection of electromagnetic wave. However, there is a considerable lack of the study on the accuracy depth using GPR. This study is attempted to address the knowledge deficit by buring pipe at specific depth and measure it with GPR to estimate depth. Despite increasing application, little consideration has been given to the accuracy of the depth. This study examines the accuracy of the depth by comparing the actual depth with what measured by GPR. Corresponding GPR and manual measurement of the depth were carried out at the site specially prepared for this study. There are two metals and two plastic pipes running through the material at the depth 0.5m and 1m respectively where a few pieces of plywood are used as the separator between them GPR utilises propagating electromagnetic (EM) that travel through subsurface material from the transmitter in form of pulse. When the energy faces a different dielectric constant on the journey it will reflect back up to the receiver at a specific time window. For this study the 250 MHz frequency is used to capture image of different six different samples of soils and one of it is a ready mix concrete. The 250 MHz GPR data set gives a vertical resolution (0.125 m) with an approximate penetration depth of about 3 m.

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“…The main disadvantage of these conventional techniques is that their application requires the destruction of the sample, which is detrimental to the development and maintenance of the structures (1) and is unacceptable in some situations (e.g., for historical buildings) (2,3) With the aim of avoiding the destruction and deterioration of the tested material, since the 20th century, and especially over the last few decades, several nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques have been developed (1,3,4). These methods make it possible to calculate the material properties without permanently modifying its characteristics (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-free resonance method for the mechanical characterization of carbonate rocks used as building stones

et al. 2022

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Nondestructive testing techniques have attracted growing interest in the last few years due to their ability to assess material properties without damaging the specimens. The free-free resonance method is a nondestructive testing technique based on the analysis of the natural frequencies of a sample. This study presents and discusses the applicability of this technique, traditionally used on soils, for the mechanical characterization of rocks. With this aim, the free-free resonance method is used to obtain the dynamic elastic modulus and shear modulus of four carbonate rocks that have been widely used as construction materials in southern Spain. The results from the nondestructive evaluation of dry and saturated rocks, in combination with petrographic characterization and uniaxial compression tests, make it possible to assess the existing relationships between the mechanical properties of carbonate rocks and to evaluate the impact of porosity and moisture content on their mechanical behavior.

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Review on microwave nondestructive testing techniques and its applications in concrete technology

Cited by 53 publications

References 72 publications

Nondestructive Testing for Corrosion Evaluation of Metal under Coating

Nondestructive Testing for Corrosion Evaluation of Metal under Coating

Estimation of different subsurface materials depth using Ground Penetrating Radar

Free-free resonance method for the mechanical characterization of carbonate rocks used as building stones

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