Review on methanation – From fundamentals to current projects

Rönsch, Stefan; Schneider, Jens; Matthischke, Steffi; Schlüter, Michael; Götz, Manuel; Lefebvre, Jonathan; Prabhakaran, Praseeth; Bajohr, S.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.10.111

Cited by 1,133 publications

(766 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Since the early 2000s the production of Bio-SNG was investigated intensively. As a result, a wide range of technologies have been established over the years [3,[9][10][11].…”

Section: Methanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formation of methane through the reaction between CO and H 2 is thermodynamically favorable at low temperatures and high pressures, whereby the influence of pressure on the equilibrium composition of CO methanation is not as significant as the influence of temperature [3,11,27]. Nevertheless, methanation with nickel catalysts on an industrial scale commonly takes place above 300°C.…”

Section: Methanation Under Mild Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the test unit is limited to a maximum temperature of 350°C, it is still the upper limit of the desired activation temperature range. The inner rectangular-shaped space of the reactor can range from 101 to 405 cm 3 . During the tests, a space of 203 cm 3 was entirely filled with catalyst without any dilution.…”

Section: Methanation Test Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Syngas mainly consists of carbon oxides and hydrogen, as well as of different impurities such as tars, particles (ash), nitrogen, or sulfur compounds, e.g., NH 3 , H 2 S. To avoid damage of plant equipment, e.g., methanation catalyst, the syngas has to be cleaned from those impurities. During methanation, the cleaned syngas is catalytically converted to a methane-rich gas (raw-SNG) which has to be upgraded afterwards in order to meet the requirements of the natural gas grid [3]. Upgrading is carried out by CO 2 separation, H 2 removal, and gas drying [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low‐Temperature CO Methanation in Oil‐Tempered Plate Reactors by Optimization of Catalyst Activation Conditions

et al. 2017

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Ni-catalyzed methanation has been discovered more than 100 years ago. Since then, many applications based on syngas -from coal or biomass -for the production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) have been established. Nevertheless, methanation still bears great potential for optimization. Especially for decentralized, biomass-based applications, decreased methanation temperatures and pressures are expected to lower the costs of the overall process. Consequently, it is necessary to obtain a catalyst that is highly active under such reduced reaction conditions. This objective was successfully reached by a systematic variation of reduction temperature, pressure, and hydrogen concentration under the aspects of the design of experiment within the catalyst activation process.

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“…Since the early 2000s the production of Bio-SNG was investigated intensively. As a result, a wide range of technologies have been established over the years [3,[9][10][11].…”

Section: Methanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methanation Under Mild Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methanation Test Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low‐Temperature CO Methanation in Oil‐Tempered Plate Reactors by Optimization of Catalyst Activation Conditions

et al. 2017

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“…There are currently two main methanation concepts: single fluidized bed reactors and series of adiabatic fixed bed reactors with intercooling [1]. The latter, also known as high temperature methanation, has already found commercial application [8,9].Alumina-supported nickel catalysts are usually employed in this application due to their high activity, selectivity to methane and relatively low price [7]. However, their stability is threatened by the severe conditions of the high temperature methanation process [10,11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deactivation of Ni/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts in CO Methanation: Effect of Zr, Mg, Ba and Ca Oxide Promoters

et al. 2017

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reserves [1,2]. The SNG production process involves two steps: gasification of the carbon-containing feedstock and subsequent catalytic methanation of the resulting synthesis gas. Methanation of synthesis gas involves the two following reactions [3][4][5]:These reactions are thermodynamically favored at low temperature and high pressure [6]. It is therefore that the methanation process is designed to effectively remove the heat of reaction and thus maximize the methane yield [1,7]. There are currently two main methanation concepts: single fluidized bed reactors and series of adiabatic fixed bed reactors with intercooling [1]. The latter, also known as high temperature methanation, has already found commercial application [8,9].Alumina-supported nickel catalysts are usually employed in this application due to their high activity, selectivity to methane and relatively low price [7]. However, their stability is threatened by the severe conditions of the high temperature methanation process [10,11]. In this process, the catalyst at the inlet of the reactor is exposed to low temperatures and high CO partial pressures, fact that favors the formation of polymeric carbon and sintering via nickel carbonyl formation [4,[12][13][14]. The exothermic reactions cause a significant temperature rise. As a result, the major part of the catalyst in these reactors is exposed to high temperatures and high steam partial pressures fact that promotes sintering of the nickel nanoparticles and the support [11,15]. In order to limit the temperature rise and thus, catalyst deactivation, a high gas recycle is used in these reactors. Catalysts with improved stability at low andAbstract Catalyst deactivation is one of the major concerns in the production of substitute natural gas (SNG) via CO methanation. Catalysts in this application need to be active at low temperatures, resistant to polymeric carbon formation and stable at high temperatures and steam partial pressures. In the present work, a series of aluminasupported nickel catalysts promoted with Zr, Mg, Ba or Ca oxides were investigated. The catalysts were tested under low temperature CO methanation conditions in order to evaluate their resistance to carbon formation. The catalysts were also exposed to accelerated ageing conditions at high temperatures in order to study their thermal stability. The aged catalysts lost most of their activity mainly due to sintering of the support and the nickel crystallites. Apparently, none of these promoters had a satisfactory effect on the thermal resistance of the catalyst. Nevertheless, it was found that the presence of Zr can reduce the rate of polymeric carbon formation.

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