Review on Li‐Sulfur Battery Systems: an Integral Perspective

Rosenman, Ariel; Markevich, Elena; Salitra, Gregory; Aurbach, Doron; Garsuch, Arnd; Chesneau, Frédérick

doi:10.1002/aenm.201500212

Cited by 676 publications

(556 citation statements)

References 175 publications

(445 reference statements)

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“…The great majority of publications on Li-S batteries are devoted to study and development of Li-S electrodes which behave according to this solid-liquid-solid reaction path. 4,6,11,12 * Electrochemical Society Fellow. z E-mail: markeve@mail.biu.ac.il; salitrg@biu.ac.il; doron.aurbach@biu.ac.il However, in several works another type of behavior of Li-S electrodes was described.…”

Section: -10mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years lithium-sulfur batteries have been the subject of very intensive research due to the high theoretical specific capacity of sulfur cathodes (1672 mA h g −1 ) which is an order of magnitude higher than that of lithiated transition-metal oxides and phosphates cathode materials used in commercial Li-ion batteries (140-200 mA h g −1 ). [1][2][3][4][5][6] This high capacity relates to the ability of sulfur atoms to accept two electrons resulting in the conversion of elemental sulfur to lithium sulfide (Li 2 S). Furthermore, sulfur is naturally abundant, environmentally friendly and relatively cheap.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] This high capacity relates to the ability of sulfur atoms to accept two electrons resulting in the conversion of elemental sulfur to lithium sulfide (Li 2 S). Furthermore, sulfur is naturally abundant, environmentally friendly and relatively cheap.…”

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Review—On the Mechanism of Quasi-Solid-State Lithiation of Sulfur Encapsulated in Microporous Carbons: Is the Existence of Small Sulfur Molecules Necessary?

Markevich

Salitra

Talyosef

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

102

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In this work we analyzed the phenomenon of quasi solid state (QSS) lithiation of sulfur-carbon (S/C) composite electrodes with sulfur confined in the micropores of carbon matrices based on our recent studies and data published in literature. We demonstrated that the existence of sulfur in the form of small molecules is not a necessary condition for the realization of QSS mechanism. QSS operation behavior was demonstrated both for carbons with small up to 1nm micropores and for carbons with larger pore size up to 2-3 nm. A key role in the operation of S/C electrodes via a QSS mechanism plays surface electrolyte interphase (SEI) which is formed on the surface of S/C composite during the initial discharge. The formation of SEI was supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and by scanning electron microscopy. Small pore size (up to 1 nm) of the carbon matrices has a positive effect on the cycling of S/C electrodes. A superior cycling performance for more than 3500 charge-discharge cycles was demonstrated for S/C composite electrodes based on carbons synthesized by carbonization of polyvinylidene dichloride (PVDC) resin. In recent years lithium-sulfur batteries have been the subject of very intensive research due to the high theoretical specific capacity of sulfur cathodes (1672 mA h g −1 ) which is an order of magnitude higher than that of lithiated transition-metal oxides and phosphates cathode materials used in commercial Li-ion batteries (140-200 mA h g −1 ). [1][2][3][4][5][6] This high capacity relates to the ability of sulfur atoms to accept two electrons resulting in the conversion of elemental sulfur to lithium sulfide (Li 2 S). Furthermore, sulfur is naturally abundant, environmentally friendly and relatively cheap.Due to the low electrical conductivity of elementary sulfur the addition of conductive additives or the use of conductive host materials it is necessary to ensure good performance of sulfur electrodes. Besides, during the discharge process elemental sulfur S 8 accepts electrons to give a chain of electroactive Li-polysulfides (Fig. 1a). The long-chain polysulfides Li 2 S n (4 ≤ n ≤ 8) are soluble in commonly used ethereal solvents and diffuse freely throughout the cell to the anode side where they are chemically reduced. This phenomenon known as the shuttle effect presents one of the main problems of Li-S cells. 7 The shuttle reactions prevent the possibility of extracting the full capacity of sulfur cathodes and lead to low Coulombic efficiency. Encapsulation of sulfur within activated carbons with high pores volume is one of the most effective approaches to mitigate the detrimental shuttle mechanism and stabilize composite sulfur cathodes during prolong cycling. 8-10The typical cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge curves of the Li-S cell with C/S encapsulated cathode are shown in Fig. 1a. Two peaks observed in the cathodic voltammetric response of sulfur electrodes correspond to two plateaus observed in the voltage profiles of the discharge processes of these cathodes upon ...

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confidence: 99%

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Review—On the Mechanism of Quasi-Solid-State Lithiation of Sulfur Encapsulated in Microporous Carbons: Is the Existence of Small Sulfur Molecules Necessary?

Markevich

Salitra

Talyosef

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

102

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“…[8][9][10][11] The technologically most advanced material option is layered nickel rich LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 (NCM, x > 0.6) cathodes. The current generation of some EVs is already employing NCM523.…”

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confidence: 99%

Review—Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges for Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes

Schipper

Erickson

Erk

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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620

497

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Lithium ion batteries have become an integral part of our daily lives. Among a number of different cathode materials nickel-rich LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 is particularly interesting. The material can deliver high capacities of ∼195 mAh g −1 putting it on the map for electric vehicles. With an increasing nickel content, a number of issues arise in the material limiting its performance. The Li/Ni mixing, highly reactive surface and formation of micro cracks are the most pressing ones. An overview of recent literature exploring these phenomena is herein summarized and were applicable solutions will be highlighted. With the advent of lithium ion batteries (LIB) in 1991 came a rapidly increasing development of consumer electronics.1,2 Soon LIB were the power source of choice for manufacturer of laptop computers and cell phones. While smart phones are getting smaller and have to operate more energy demanding applications LIB have to keep up with the pace. Cell manufactures have developed more refined ways to assemble cells leading to high energy densities of modern LIB for consumer applications. 3,4 In the meantime, scientists have developed better active materials and are constantly improving over existing ones. 5 The early LIB used lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) as cathode and graphite as anode material. LCO has a high tap density making it an ideal choice for small devices. The battery market has grown tremendously over the last 35 years and is expected to increase even more rapidly within the next years. 6 With the new market segment of electrical vehicles (EV) becoming more important every year LIB have found an additional application with a huge potential. Even though fuel cells are a natural competitor for LIB the large commitment necessary to build a hydrogen infrastructure plays into the hands of eager battery suppliers.Electrical propulsion needs battery materials with high capacities to satisfy consumer demands of a ∼500 km driving range long cycle life.4,7 Several materials have been identified as viable candidates for EVs ranging from layered mixed transition metal oxides, layered lithium rich materials and lithium sulfur batteries. [8][9][10][11] The technologically most advanced material option is layered nickel rich LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 (NCM, x > 0.6) cathodes. The current generation of some EVs is already employing NCM523. Unfortunately, the implementation of higher nickel contents still needs to overcome a number of challenges to be viable. The review at hand will outline the development of the NCM material family with the first emphasis being on the individual endmembers LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 and LiMnO 2 . Problems and recent advances of these materials will be outlined. The second emphasis will be on the layered material LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 with a focus on nickel rich materials. Problems and attempted solutions to mitigate them will be presented.= These authors contributed equally to this work.* Electrochemical Society Fellow. z E-mail: schippf@biu.ac.il Lithium Cobalt Oxide; LiCoO 2The first lithium intercal...

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“…[54] Increase the amount of electrolyte tends to improve sulfur electrode performance by improving the Li-ion and the polysulfides mobility. However these increased motilities negatively affect the lithium metal electrode.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nucleophilic substitution between polysulfides and binders unexpectedly stabilizing lithium sulfur battery

et al. 2017

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Polysulfide shuttling has been the primary cause of failure in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery cycling. Here, we demonstrate an uncleophilic substitution reaction between polysulfides and binder functional groups can unexpectedly immobilizes the polysulfides. The substitution reaction is verified by UV-visible spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra. The immobilization of polysulfide is in situ monitored by synchrotron based sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectra. The resulting electrodes exhibite initial capacity up to 20.4 mAh/cm 2 , corresponding to 1199.1 mAh/g based on a micron-sulfur mass loading of 17.0 mg/cm 2 . The micron size sulfur transformed into nano layer coating on the cathode binder during cycling.Directly usage of nano-size sulfur promotes higher capacity of 33.7 mAh/cm 2 , which is the highest areal capacity reported in Li-S battery. This enhance performance is due to the reduced shuttle effect by covalently binding of the polysulfide with the polymer binder.2

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Review on Li‐Sulfur Battery Systems: an Integral Perspective

Cited by 676 publications

References 175 publications

Review—On the Mechanism of Quasi-Solid-State Lithiation of Sulfur Encapsulated in Microporous Carbons: Is the Existence of Small Sulfur Molecules Necessary?

Review—On the Mechanism of Quasi-Solid-State Lithiation of Sulfur Encapsulated in Microporous Carbons: Is the Existence of Small Sulfur Molecules Necessary?

Review—Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges for Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes

Nucleophilic substitution between polysulfides and binders unexpectedly stabilizing lithium sulfur battery

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