Review on Interface and Interphase Issues in Sulfide Solid-State Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Li-Metal Batteries

Abstract

All-solid-state batteries have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional Li-ion batteries owing to their higher energy density and safety, which stem from their use of inorganic solid-state electrolytes instead of flammable organic liquid electrolytes. Among various candidates, sulfide solid-state electrolytes are particularly promising for the development of high-energy all-solid-state Li metal batteries because of their high ionic conductivity and deformability. However, a significant challenge remains as their inherent instability in contact with electrodes forms unstable interfaces and interphases, leading to degradation of the battery performance. In this review article, we provide an overview of the key issues for the interfaces and interphases of sulfide solid-state electrolyte systems as well as recent progress in understanding such interface and interphase formation and potential solutions to stabilize them. In addition, we provide perspectives on future research directions in this field.

Tin–Graphite Composite as a High-Capacity Anode for All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries

“…The most plausible causes for this fading are volume changes of the active material and side reactions with the solid electrolyte, leading to overall increasing resistance. At a low potential (below 0.2 V vs Li + /Li), Li 3 PS 4 (LPS) decomposes to lithium sulfide (Li 2 S) and lithium phosphide (Li 3 P). − This process is similar to solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in conventional LIBs . At the same time, decomposition reactions also occur at the counter electrode, where LPS reacts with Li …”

“…On the other hand, the XPS P 2p spectrum of pristine LPS (Figure b) exhibits two pairs of signals at 132.7 and 133.6 eV and at 134.3 and 135.3 eV. The peaks at 132.7 and 133.6 eV are related to the bond of P–S (PS 4 3– ). , The peaks at 134.3 and 135.3 eV may originate from PO 4 , − which could be due to the unavoidable oxidation because of oxygen adsorption during the sample preparation or/and transfer process for XPS measurements. In fact, LPS itself shows some signals for O 2p (Figure S10), indicating the oxygen contamination in the LPS electrolyte.…”

Exploiting Nanoscale Complexion in LATP Solid-State Electrolyte via Interfacial Mg2+ Doping

“…Though bulk SSE materials with competitive ionic conductivities have been developed [ 5 , 6 ], the realization of such multi-component functional solid-state devices is considerably hindered by often fatal interfacial processes. Reactive electrochemical contact instabilities between the electrode and the electrolyte as well as metallic dendrite nucleation and growth through the SSE typically induce cell failure [ 7 , 8 ]. Macroscopic bulk properties of individual components alone do not yield a sufficiently detailed picture of the SSE.…”

Electronic structure manipulation via composition tuning for the development of highly conductive and acid-stable oxides

“…Electrical conductivity and electrochemical stability are needed in materials for nearly all clean-energy electrochemical technologies, including batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, water splitting, and CO 2 reduction. [1][2][3] Good examples are protective coatings of battery current collectors, bipolar plate coatings in fuel cells, electrolyzers, and catalyst supporters. [4][5][6][7] These properties are essential for increasing the energy efficiency and reliability and reducing maintenance costs.…”