Review on hypertension diagnosis using expert system and wearable devices

Abstract

<span>The popularity of smartphones and wearable devices is increasing in the global market. These devices track physical exercise records, heartbeat, medicines, and self-health diagnosis. The wearable devices can also collect personal health parameters include hypertension diagnosis. Hypertension is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular-related diseases among the Malaysian population. Many mobile applications are paired with wearable devices to monitor health conditions, but none of them able to diagnose hypertension. In this study, we reviewed research papers that focused on hypertension using expert systems and wearable devices. We performed a systematic literature review based on hypertension factors, expert systems, and wearable devices. We found 15 specific research papers after the filtering process. The key findings highlighted three main focuses, which are the factors of hypertension, the expert system techniques, and the types of sensors in wearable devices. Blood pressure is the most common factor of hypertension that can be collected by wearable devices. As for the expert system techniques, we determined the three most common techniques are machine learning, neural network, and fuzzy logic. Lastly, the wrist band is the most common sensor for wearable devices in hypertension-related research.</span>

Hardware and software co-design for detecting hypertension from photoplethysmogram

“…Hypertension is a type of cardiovascular disease that occurs when the systolic blood pressure is over 130 mmHg or the diastolic blood pressure is over 80 mmHg [6]. Higher blood increases the risk of health which leads to other heart diseases including heart failure [7]- [9]. It is the leading cause of other CVDs and myocardial infarction [10], [11].…”

Classification of Hypertension Using Naïve Bayes Method with Data Discretization Approach Risk Factors

“…Common risk factors include blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), heart rate, physical activity, age, diabetes, genetics/family history. In addition, other studies have included additional factors such as cholesterol levels, smoking, unhealthy diet, obesity, and gender in determining hypertension [5] .…”

“…Other research by Izzuddin, et al [5] provided a review of hypertension diagnosis using expert systems and wearable devices. They focused on hypertension factors, expert system techniques, and the types of sensors in such devices.…”