Review on green carbon dot-based materials for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes: fundamentals and future perspective

Abstract

Systematic illustration of CDs derived from green sources for potential photocatalytic dye degradation by altering the fundamental properties.

Copper(II)-Doped Carbon Dots as Catalyst for Ozone Degradation of Textile Dyes

“…To the best of our knowledge, CDs have never been designed as homogeneous catalysts in ozone AOP [ 7 ]. On the contrary, CDs are being incorporated in heterogeneous catalysts for the photodegradation of organic pollutants [ 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Three novel coordination polymers as bifunctional materials for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes and the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline solutions

“…Therefore, a faster photocarrier transfer rate can reduce photoelectron–hole recombination during migration, thus achieving high photocatalytic performance. 3 From the perspective of the structure of the complexes, the number of metal atoms per unit area is indeed greater in binuclear complexes than in mononuclear complexes, which means that their surface active sites are larger than in mononuclear complexes. Therefore, 3 can produce more effective photoelectron–holes than the other two complexes, leading to superior catalytic performance in the photocatalytic degradation of dyes.…”

“…They not only are toxic, but their huge and complex molecular structures can also resist degradation using natural methods such as light and microbial action, reduce sunlight transmission, destroy plant photosynthesis, and directly endanger aquatic ecosystems. 3,4 Moreover, the increase of organic dyes and toxins in water is also an important cause of various diseases in the human body. It indirectly transfers harmful substances to the human body through animals and plants, interrupting the immunity mechanism of the human body and inducing damage to the nervous system, cell canceration, and hemoglobin reduction.…”

Recent Progress in the Development of MOF-Based Photocatalysts for the Photoreduction of Cr(VI)

“…Because of the harsh reaction conditions and using toxic precursors in the preparation of QDs, alternative QDs based on carbon (CQDs) have been developed by employing greener approaches and abundant nontoxic precursors. CQDs are photostable, biocompatible, low-cost, and easy-synthesized semiconductors with extensive applications. − It has been found that the heteroatom (e.g., P, S, N, B) doping of CQDs could change electronic and chemical structures, expand light harvesting, and enhance the charge transfer …”