Review on Generation and Characterization of Copper Particles and Copper Composites Prepared by Mechanical Milling on a Lab-Scale

Abstract

This review aims to expose mechanical milling as an alternative method for generating copper-based particles (copper particles (CuP) and copper composites (CuC)); more specifically, via a top-down or bottom-up approach, on a lab-scale. This work will also highlight the different parameters that can affect the size distribution, the type, and the morphology of the obtained CuP or CuC, such as the type of mechanical mill, ball-to-powder ratios (BPR), the milling speed, milling time, and the milling environment, among others. This review analyzes various papers based on the Cu-based particle generation route, which begins with a pretreatment step, then mechanical milling, its approach (top-down or bottom-up), and the post-treatment. Finally, the characterization methods of the resulting CuP and CuC through mechanical milling are also discussed.

Unlocking New Avenues: Solid-State Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

“…Examples of mechanochemical reactions include ball milling, sonication, and grinding of solid reactants to produce new compounds with unique properties. Such reactions have been reported for the synthesis of various inorganic [8] or organic molecules [9,10] or supramolecular structures [11,12], such as co-crystals, polymorphs, metal-organic frameworks, covalent-organic frameworks, and coordination polymers, with a plethora of scientific and industrial applications.…”

Recent Advances in Copper-Based Materials for Sustainable Environmental Applications

“…Crisan et al demonstrate the potential of copper nanoparticles as an alternative to antibiotics in the fight against multi-resistant bacteria strains [7]. Sandoval et al discuss the generation of copper-based particles in the pretreatment, milling, and post-treatment steps, as well as the characterization methods used to analyze the resulting particles [8]. Hong et al explore the effects of bimetallic catalysts on the selectivity of carbon dioxide reduction, emphasizing copper's role [9].…”