Review on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Occupational Hazards and Management of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Elderly: A Guide for General Physicians Working in the Health Network Setting, Khuzestan, Iran

Alavi, Seyed Mohammad; Alavi, Leila

doi:10.5812/jjm.6677

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Whether the occurrence of active TB in this situation is a newly acquired infection or a reactivation of latent infection is unclear. Alavi estimated that the annual risk of pulmonary TB following a recent infection is 300 times greater than the risk of illness from the reactivation of latent infection (59). Similarly, a study of 525 Korean IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) patients (365 anti-TNF-α naïve and 160 anti-TNF-α exposed) reported a significantly higher incidence of TB in patients receiving anti-TNF-α compared with TNF-α-blocker-naïve cases.…”

Section: Latent Tb Treatment and Anti Tnf-α Therapysupporting

confidence: 93%

How Should We Manage Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Patients Receiving Anti-TNF-α Drugs: Literature Review

Naderi

Sheybani

Pajand

2016

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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Context: The introduction of new drugs that specifically antagonize tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) has provided an effective treatment in a wide variety of autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, the possibility of the reactivation of latent TB (Tuberculosis) infection (LTBI) among these patients is a considerable challenge. The aim of this paper is to evaluate LTBI diagnostic tools in patients who are candidates for anti-TNF-α therapy emphasizing how to manage these patients. Evidence Acquisition: A systematic web-based search was conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library Database, and UpToDate ® resources using the key words "anti-TNF-α" and "latent tuberculosis" up to March 2015. Two reviewers extracted and summarized the data and suggested protocols for the diagnosis and management of LTBI in patients receiving TNF-α inhibitors. Results: There were somewhat different approaches proposed by various researchers regarding the subject. While no recommendation was found to be unique to include all patients in all situations, the data emphasize the importance of ruling out TB infection before deciding to start an anti-TNF-α drug.Conclusions: Special high-risk groups, including patients with LTBI, should be treated before receiving TNF-α inhibitors. The tuberculin skin test (TST) is a somewhat cost-effective test for the diagnosis of LTBI. However, its usefulness with respect to false results should be re-evaluated in this situation.

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Section: Latent Tb Treatment and Anti Tnf-α Therapysupporting

confidence: 93%

How Should We Manage Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Patients Receiving Anti-TNF-α Drugs: Literature Review

Naderi

Sheybani

Pajand

2016

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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“…Despite a promising decline in the incidence rate of TB in Iran from 36 cases per 100,000 people in 1990 to 17 cases per 100,000 people in 2010 (2) , TB continues to be a major public health concern in Iran. Risk factors such as drug addiction, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains, population ageing (3) , and sharing borders with 4 countries that have high rates of TB incidence, namely Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, and Iraq (4) (5) ,have contributed to a persistent problem of TB in Iran. According to a recent report, approximately 21 per 100,000 Iranians suffered from TB in 2013 (6) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Tehran, Iran by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and spoligotyping

Feyisa

Haeili

Zahednamazi

et al. 2016

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…In the same table showing the seropositivity among healthy group which including 100 non diabetic pregnant that 12 % were seropositive for anti-IgG T. gondii and 1% were seropositive for anti-IgM T. gondii and these results were statistically significant :P Value= (0,003). (4) shows the seropositivity of anti-IgG, IgM T. gondii among healthy pregnant women were 10(10.4%)from96 with HBA1C < 7 positive for anti-IgG T. gondii and 2 (50%) from 4 with HBA1C ≥ 7 positive for anti-IgG T. gondii and 1positive for anti-IgM T. gondii. The results of IgG and HbA1C were significant statistically (P Value =0.008) and the results of IgM with HbA1C were highly significant (PV=0.000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Serological Detection of Anti Toxoplasma Antibodies Among Pregnant Diabetic Women in Amedi – Kurdistan Region

Golek H. I.

2023

J. Adv. Zool.

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This study investigated the presence of specific antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant diabetic women in comparison with healthy pregnant non diabetic women in Amedia. Overall, 300 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. The studied women were divided in to 2 groups, the first group included 200 pregnant diabetic women. The second group (control group) included 100 healthy pregnant non diabetic women. Diabetes is an important factor that increases susceptibility and risk of various infections in the host. Seropositivity of anti-IgG T. gondii recorded 24.8% among pregnant female with HBA1C ≥ 7 and 15.2% among pregnant female with < 7 while rate of anti- IgM T. gondii showed as 2.5% between pregnant with ≥ 7, moreover rate of anti-IgG T. gondii among healthy pregnant women recorded as 50% with HBA1C ≥ 7 ,10.4% with HBA1C < 7 and 1% seropositive for anti-IgM T.gondii between control group with HBA1C ≥ 7. In present study rate of anti-IgG T. gondii higher in age group <30 compared with age ≥ 30 while rate of anti-IgM T. gondii were higher in age ≥30 compared with age <30 year. Higher rate of infection found in urban area compared with rural area in both groups. Own -Cat another parameter that showed that most infection occur between patients who have contact or own cat which the main source of infection with toxoplasmosis. Regarding exposure to soil 24% where seropositive for anti- IgG T. gondii and 19,2% where positive among patients no exposure to soil and the results not significant, while anti-IgM T. gondii found 2.7% patients were exposure to soil and 0.8% were seropositive between patients have no exposure to soil and the results statistically significant. Results related to good washing of the vegetables showed that 13% were seropositive for anti-IgG T. gondii and statistically the results were not significant. In the current study the seropositivity of anti-IgG T. gondii between patients who meat consumption half cooked were 11.1% and 12.1% among patients who meat consumption good cooked, also 1.2% seropositive for anti-IgM T. gondii among patients who meat consumption good cooked and results not significant statistically. The rate of seropositive of anti-IgG T. gondii among patients with miscarriage and without miscarriage reported as 7.1%, 12.8% respectively. The statistical difference was not significant, while the rate of seropositive of anti-IgM T. gondii among patients without miscarriage reported as 1.2% and statistically the difference was not significant. It is clear that the rate of seropositivity of anti-IgG T. gondii among illiterate patients were higher (15.4%), while among literate patients were 1.1% and this result was not significant. The rate of seropositive of anti-IgG T. gondii according to occupation which divided in to employee and unemployed showed that 19%, 10 % respectively, the rate of seropositivity of anti-IgM T. gondii among unemployed reported as 1.3% with no significance difference statistically. In conclusion, in the present study some lifestyle variable of patients had a p value < 0.05, including HBA1C ≥7, age, own cat and exposure of soil. This study provided serological evidence of an association between T. gondii infection and pregnant diabetes mellitus., which may help to guide future research, further studies should be conducted to elucidate the role of T. gondii in diabetes mellitus.

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Review on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Occupational Hazards and Management of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Elderly: A Guide for General Physicians Working in the Health Network Setting, Khuzestan, Iran

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

How Should We Manage Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Patients Receiving Anti-TNF-α Drugs: Literature Review

How Should We Manage Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Patients Receiving Anti-TNF-α Drugs: Literature Review

Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Tehran, Iran by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and spoligotyping

Serological Detection of Anti Toxoplasma Antibodies Among Pregnant Diabetic Women in Amedi – Kurdistan Region

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