Review on Dog Rabies Vaccination Coverage in Africa: A Question of Dog Accessibility or Cost Recovery?

Jibat, Tariku; Hogeveen, H.; Mourits, M.C.M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003447

Cited by 102 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We found that only 20.6% of the respondents vaccinated their puppies against rabies before the age of 3 months. According to [41], Majority of canine population across Africa consists of puppies younger than 3 months. Our results showed that the respondents who had owned dogs for more than 10 years were more likely to exhibit positive attitude towards rabies than those who had kept dogs for fewer years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding rabies and its control among dog owners in Kigali city, Rwanda

Ntampaka

Nyaga

Gathumbi

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease that can occur in all warm-blooded mammals, including man [1]. Vaccinating dogs can protect people from contracting rabies [2]. Annual deaths due to rabies was estimated to 61000 worldwide [1], and Africa represented 35.2% of the deaths [3]. In Rwanda, rabies is a public health threat to the public [4], but the country does not have information on the disease [5]. Methodology: The present study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of rabies and its control among dog owners in Kigali city, Rwanda. We conducted a cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire among 137 dog owners randomly selected within each of the selected 9 study sites. A series of chi-square tests of association and binary logistic regression were used to determine the important factors associated with the response variables. Results: The results showed that 99.5% of respondents could mention at least a host susceptible to rabies. Only 22.4 % and 21.3 % knew about canine and human rabies, respectively. Nearly 73.6% knew that human rabies can be transmitted through dog-bites and 99% could identify at least a clinical sign of canine rabies. Nealy 81.8% thought that regularly vaccinating dogs could prevent people from contracting dog-transmitted rabies. Only 43.1% and 26.3% were aware that clinical human and canine rabies are always deadly, respectively. Respondents who would observe a dog for some time, once it bites a man or an animal, represented 69%. Only 20.4% were familiar with cleaning dog-bites wounds with water and soap, before attending health care facilities. Few respondents owning dogs (20.6%) knew that puppies could receive rabies vaccination before the age of three months. Of respondents who owned vaccinated dogs, 78% were happy about the cost of rabies vaccination of dogs (Rwandan Francs 0-30,000). Nearly 57.9% had their dogs vaccinated at home by veterinarians. Eighty-two (82%) percent of respondents received rabies information from neighbours, the media and public meetings. Logistic regression analyses indicated that none of respondents’sex, education level, and duration of dog ownership was statistically associated with their knowledge of rabies. The respondents who had kept dogs for 5-10 years were less likely to have as sufficient knowledge as those who had kept dogs for more than ten years (AOR=0.96). Male respondents were more likely to adopt a positive attitude (AOR=1.47) and have appropriate practice (AOR=1.40) towards rabies. The respondents who had completed at least primary education, were more likely to have appropriate practice of rabies (AOR=1.41). Conclusions: This study identified gaps in the dog owners’ rabies knowledge of transmission, treatment and control. In addition, none of respondents’sex, educational level, and dog ownership length was statistically associated with their rabies knowledge. Overall, this study indicated that all categories of dog owners in Kigali city did not have good levels of rabies knowledge. Rabies interventions including awareness component in the studied population should be homogeneously improved.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding rabies and its control among dog owners in Kigali city, Rwanda

Ntampaka

Nyaga

Gathumbi

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In Africa, owner charged vaccination coverage is generally low though the percentage of dogs vaccinated under free of charge vaccination schemes is high [32]. According to the WHO recommendation [20], 70% of the dog population must be regularly vaccinated to control rabies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Incidence of Human Rabies Exposure in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia: A Four-Year Retrospective Study

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundRabies is a fatal zoonotic disease that has been known in Ethiopia for centuries in society as “Mad Dog Disease”. It is an important disease with veterinary and public health significance in the North western zone of Tigray where previous studies have not been conducted. Frequent occurrence of outbreaks in the area led the researchers to carry out a four year retrospective study to estimate the incidence of human rabies exposure in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia.MethodologyA referent study was conducted on human rabies exposure cases recorded from 2012 to 2015 at Suhul hospital, Shire Endaselase, Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia. Exposure cases included in this research constituted victims bitten by unprovoked dogs and who received post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) at the hospital. Two thousand one hundred eighty human rabies exposure cases retrieved from the rabies case database were included in this study.Principal findingsThe majority of the exposed cases were males (1363/2180, 63%). Age wise, the most exposed age group was ≥15 years in all the study years: 166 (58%), 335 (65%), 492 (66%) and 394 (63%) in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. Similarly, exposure cases for human rabies increased with age in both males and females across the study years. The incidence of human rabies exposure cases calculated per 100,000 populations was 35.8, 63.0, 89.8 and 73.1 in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that being male was a risk for human rabies exposure in all the study years.ConclusionThe study discovered the highest annual human rabies exposure incidence in Ethiopia. This suggests an urgent need for synergistic efforts of human and animal health sectors to implement prevention and control strategies in this area.

show abstract

“…For example, low rabies vaccination coverage were reported in Africa (Jibat et al, 2015) and different parts of Nigeria including Zaria (Dzikwi et al, 2011), Lagos (Hambolu et al, 2014) and Aba (Otolorin et al, 2014), suggesting high risk of rabies transmission in the country. The consumption of "bush meat" which refers to meat from wild animals is another risk factor associated with the transmission of NZDs especially those originating from wild animal reservoirs (Alexander et al, 2012).…”

Section: Risk Factors Associated With the Spread Of Neglected Zoonosementioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of animal intervention strategies in the control of neglected zoonotic diseases in Nigeria

Ngutor¹

2016

J. Public Health Epidemiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nigeria among many other developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America still suffers the impact of neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs) such as rabies, brucellosis, cysticercosis, echinococcosis and other geo-helminths which have been successfully eradicated in industrialized countries. These diseases cause economic bankruptcy among over 70% of Nigerians who live in the rural areas and whose livelihood is dependent on mini-livestock production. In the current review, the employment of animal intervention strategies to control these NZDs through animal vaccination, strategic de-worming, enactment and re-enforcement of legislations and policies on NZDs control, efficient veterinary meat inspection, public education and depopulation as a last option are discussed. The benefits of animal intervention strategies are affordability, safety to animals and the general public as well as improvement of national economy.

show abstract

Review on Dog Rabies Vaccination Coverage in Africa: A Question of Dog Accessibility or Cost Recovery?

Cited by 102 publications

References 44 publications

Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding rabies and its control among dog owners in Kigali city, Rwanda

Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding rabies and its control among dog owners in Kigali city, Rwanda

High Incidence of Human Rabies Exposure in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia: A Four-Year Retrospective Study

Benefits of animal intervention strategies in the control of neglected zoonotic diseases in Nigeria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About