Review on developments of bulk functionally graded composite materials

Abstract

Monolithic components are often insufficient when a combination of conflicting properties, or a variation in properties at different regions within a material is required. Functionally graded composite materials (FGCM) are a relatively new class of materials with a systematic variation of the composition, microstructure, and properties along one direction. The graded structure offers tailorable property combinations not achievable with monolithic composites and significant recent research has been carried out on their development. An effort has been made in this article to review the latest developments on bulk FGCMs since 2015. The different processing techniques used for their fabrication have been discussed, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and recent advancements pertaining to FGCM fabrication. Various physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of FGCMs have been treated separately, and wherever possible, summary plots combining data from various research articles have been developed. Finally, potential areas for directing future FGCM research have been identified.

Future directions in ceramic additive manufacturing: Fiber reinforcements and artificial intelligence

“…Amongst these reviews highlighted above, trends in reported challenges and areas of opportunity have emerged. The area of focus here will be on the following two general challenges that remain in adoption of ceramic AM; Limited mechanical strength due to either: low density, processing defects (e.g., interlayer delamination), and/or material composition limitations in existing well‐developed feedstock 1,3,4,16,27,38,49,56,65,67–69,71,72,74,75,79,90,94,112,123,128,145 156 Poor identification and quantification of defects and limited standardization and speed of advancements the processes (feedstock development, processing parameters, postprocessing steps, etc.…”

“…Limited mechanical strength due to either: low density, processing defects (e.g., interlayer delamination), and/or material composition limitations in existing well‐developed feedstock 1,3,4,16,27,38,49,56,65,67–69,71,72,74,75,79,90,94,112,123,128,145 156 …”

“…In order to assess and analyze recent review articles in this area, a Scopus search was conducted in April 2023 for the specific time frame of 2018–2023. This search resulted in 165 review articles on ceramic additive manufacturing or some subset of that topic 1,3–166 . Figure 1 shows a graphical representation of the number of review articles separated into five focus areas.…”

Processing and properties of jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) fibres and their sustainable composite materials: a review

“…The use of composite materials has increased drastically in the last few decades. 1,2 These materials are heterogeneous in nature and formed by the combination of reinforcing constituents such as llers, particulates, and bres with matrices. 3,4 Furthermore, they have the ability to replace traditional materials such as metals and alloys by providing high strength and stiffness.…”

Optimization and Characterization of Centrifugal-Cast Functionally Graded Al-SiC Composite Using Response Surface Methodology and Grey Relational Analysis

“…FGMs are frequently used where one end of a layer must endure hard conditions, and the other side of the substrate must be linked to the base material that requires protection from these hostile surroundings [9][10][11]. FGM manufacturing methods have evolved over the years, with numerous techniques now employed to create these gradient materials, including centrifugal casting, powder metallurgy, vapor deposition, thermal spray, and additive manufacturing techniques [12][13][14]. Centrifugal casting and powder metallurgy processes, in particular, have proven effective in the fabrication of FGMs with smooth variation in microstructures and/or compositions [15][16][17].…”