Review on development of reduced activated ferritic/martensitic steel for fusion reactor

Qiu, Guoxing; Zhan, Dongping; Cao, Lei; Jiang, Zhong‐Zhong

doi:10.1007/s42243-022-00796-2

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Wu et al used the energy conservation equation and took molten steel and slag as research objects to derive the molten steel heating rate model. 5) The one-dimensional unsteady thermal conductivity equations for the ladle wall and bottom in column and right-angle coordinate systems were established. The predicted end steel temperature was solved using the finite difference method.…”

Section: Steel In Ladle Furnacementioning

confidence: 99%

An Error Correction Method Based on CBR for End Temperature Prediction of Molten Steel in Ladle Furnace

He,

Song,

Guo

et al. 2024

ISIJ Int.

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Accurately predicting the end temperature of molten steel is significant for controlling ladle furnace (LF) refining. This paper proposes an error correction method called EC-CBR based on case-based reasoning (CBR) to reduce errors in the prediction models caused by discrepancies between actual production data and training data. The proposed method combines the incremental learning advantage of CBR with the ability of other models to fit nonlinear relations. First, a prediction model is established, and historical heats similar to the new heat are retrieved by CBR. Then, the model error of the new heat is calculated by employing the errors of similar heats. The prediction result is calculated by subtracting the error from the predicted value. Testing and comparison are conducted on the models (support vector regression, backpropagation neural network, extreme learning machine and mechanism model) and general CBR using actual production data. Results show that the EC-CBR is effective for both data-driven and mechanism models, with an increase of approximately 5% in hit rate within the range of ±5℃ for data-driven models and an increase of 21.73% for mechanism model. Moreover, the corrected data-driven models show higher accuracy than the general CBR, further proving the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Section: Steel In Ladle Furnacementioning

confidence: 99%

An Error Correction Method Based on CBR for End Temperature Prediction of Molten Steel in Ladle Furnace

He,

Song,

Guo

et al. 2024

ISIJ Int.

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“…), and sintered aluminium. The exchange of Mo for W, its heavier chemical homolog, in component materials has been a particular design strategy to reduce induced radioactivity, although the presence of Mo at limited concentrations is considered acceptable; this has been the basis of reduced activation ferritic-martensitic steels (RAFMs) 137 , 138 . Alternatively, the use of Mo enriched in specific Mo isotopes that do not significantly activate, i.e., 96 Mo and 97 Mo, has been proposed; however, because of enrichment costs, better economic options will need to be developed for commercial applications 139 .…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery, nuclear properties, synthesis and applications of technetium-101

Johnstone¹,

Mayordomo

Mausolf³

2022

Commun Chem

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Technetium-101 (101Tc) has been poorly studied in comparison with other Tc isotopes, although it was first identified over ~80 years ago shortly after the discovery of the element Tc itself. Its workable half-life and array of production modes, i.e., light/heavy particle reactions, fission, fusion-evaporation, etc., allow it to be produced and isolated using an equally diverse selection of chemical separation pathways. The inherent nuclear properties of 101Tc make it important for research and applications related to radioanalytical tracer studies, as a fission signature, fusion materials, fission reactor fuels, and potentially as a radioisotope for nuclear medicine. In this review, an aggregation of the known literature concerning the chemical, nuclear, and physical properties of 101Tc and some its applications are presented. This work aims at providing an up-to-date and first-of-its-kind overview of 101Tc that could be of importance for further development of the fundamental and applied nuclear and radiochemistry of 101Tc.

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“…[9] Therefore, the operation temperature should be less than 550 °C. [10,11] Recently, many methods have been used to improve the mechanical properties of RAFM steel, i.e., microalloying (Y, Ti, Zr, etc.) [6,12,13] and thermo-mechanical treatment (TMT), [14] etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…were replaced by low activation elements (e.g., W, V, Ta, etc.). Some researchers found that 11 B cannot react with neutron and can reduce irradiation hardening in RAFM steels. [28,29] Consequently, 0.01 wt% B was added in the present study to improve the long-term high temperature mechanical properties (coarse size BN inclusion will form and decrease the toughness and creep properties after excessive B and N addition).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Evaluation of Microalloyed Low‐Carbon Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steel

Cao

Chen

2023

steel research int.

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A novel method for reducing the amount of M23C6 carbides, increasing the amount of MX carbonitrides, and decreasing the coarsening rate of M23C6 carbides is put forward to improve the high‐temperature properties of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, tensile tests, and impact tests are used to systematically investigate the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of RAFM (RAFM‐0.1C) steel, low‐carbon RAFM (RAFM‐0.04C) steel, and minor boron and nitrogen microalloyed low‐carbon RAFM (RAFM‐CBN) steel. Some δ ferrite develops when C decreases from 0.1 to 0.04 wt% and subsequently disappears after 0.01 wt% N addition. The amount and size of M23C6 carbides and dislocation density decrease with the decrease of C (RAFM‐0.04C), while the amount of MX carbonitrides is 2‐3 times, and dislocation density is ≈2 times higher than that of RAFM‐0.04C steel after 0.01 wt% N addition (RAFM‐CBN). Compared with RAFM‐0.1C steel, the yield strength at room temperature and 550 °C slightly decreases for RAFM‐0.04C steel and considerably increases for RAFM‐CBN steel. The contributions of microalloy on strengthening mechanisms of RAFM steel at room temperature are also systematically revealed by combining the experimental and theoretical data.

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Review on development of reduced activated ferritic/martensitic steel for fusion reactor

Cited by 17 publications

References 73 publications

An Error Correction Method Based on CBR for End Temperature Prediction of Molten Steel in Ladle Furnace

An Error Correction Method Based on CBR for End Temperature Prediction of Molten Steel in Ladle Furnace

Discovery, nuclear properties, synthesis and applications of technetium-101

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Evaluation of Microalloyed Low‐Carbon Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steel

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