Review on Cold-Formed Steel Connections

Lee, Yeong Huei; Tan, Cher Siang; Mohammad, Shahrin; Tahir, Mahmood Md.; Shek, Poi Ngian

doi:10.1155/2014/951216

Cited by 42 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Traditionally, the strength of steel-to-steel welded, bolted, and screwed connections were the only major concern. Today, researchers, engineers, and industry are recognizing that more information is needed than peak strength in steel-to-steel connections to enable system-level analysis and understand the flow of forces and deformations in cold-formed steel building structures [27,28]. One exceptional source of recent data and recommendations is the monotonic and cyclic fastener testing in [29] which covers steel-to-steel and steel-to-OSB/plywood/and gypsum from 0.45 to 2.46 mm (18 to 97 mil) sheets and #8 to #12 fasteners, conducted as a part of the larger CFS-NEES earthquake engineering effort [30].…”

Section: Post-pmentioning

confidence: 99%

00.02: Developments in research and assessment of steel structures: Highlights from the perspective of an American researcher

Schafer

2017

ce papers

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The objective of this paper is to provide a summary of recent developments in the research and assessment of steel building structures. The task is too broad to accomplish in a general sense, as such the perspective and biases of the author as an American research professor who primarily focuses on thin-walled steel building applications is explicitly recognized. The discussed research is separated into three areas: cold-formed steel structures, hot-rolled steel structures, and earthquake engineering for steel structures. The focus of the presentation is on research conducted within each of these three areas, in the last 5 years, primarily in the United States, with particular emphasis on projects that the author was directly involved in or lead. In addition, each area concludes with a brief discussion of developments in American steel codes and standards that are related to the research. Cold-formed steel structures have enjoyed a large body of recent research, advancements in: modelling, imperfection measurement, stiffness characterization, coupled instabilities, design under multiple actions, and system reliability are all highlighted. The author has had less direct involvement in much of the recent hot-rolled steel structural research, but serves on the committees where this research is brought into the American standards. Work that has had a specific impact on the American hot-rolled steel standards in beams, slender columns, composite columns, bracing, fire, and progressive collapse are all highlighted. In addition, recent research advancing modelling for fracture in steel is summarized due to the authors belief in the large long term impact of those efforts. Earthquake engineering for steel structures spans a broad space, highlighted research includes: benchmark tests and building models for cold-formed steel framing; new tests, modelling, and design guidance on structural steel seismic force-resisting systems; and new research in steel diaphragm systems. Taken as a whole, the paper aims to demonstrate the vibrancy in American steel building research, now more than 125 years since the first steel-framed skyscraper.Activity in cold-formed steel research is broad and it is impossible to provide a complete summary, recent efforts by Hancock [1] provide a more comprehensive treatment than that provided here. In this paper, a subset of key developments that the author believes have significant potential to transform the analysis or design of cold-formed steel structures is highlighted. Without a doubt, this paper leaves out significant advances that the author was either unaware of, or did not properly contemplate when preparing this summary. Computational Advances: GBT, cFSM, cFEMCold-formed steel members primarily utilize open singly-point-or un-symmetric thin-walled sections. As a result, global buckling modes are nearly always coupled (in flexure and torsion) and must include warping torsion. Due to the thin nature of the sheet used to form the sections, local plate deformations are engaged even at service ...

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Section: Post-pmentioning

confidence: 99%

00.02: Developments in research and assessment of steel structures: Highlights from the perspective of an American researcher

Schafer

2017

ce papers

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“…Figure 1 shows a typical boltless SPR BCC. Despite the availability of several studies available on the behavior of traditional steel connections [7][8][9][10], the studies discussing the behavior of SPR BCCs are rare. Being not similar to common building steel connections, the difference in geometry of the BECs available in the market does not allow a generalized global analytical model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Performance of Boltless Beam End Connectors

Shah¹,

Sulong²,

Khan³

et al. 2017

Volume 13 Number 2

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This study examines the structural performance of beam end connectors used as connection device in semi-rigid boltless beam-to-column connections (BCCs) in steel pallet racks (SPRs). A total of six types of specimens were tested which were distinguished by the three different types of beam end connector (BEC) thicknesses and two different numbers of tabs in the (BEC). The experimental testing was performed using double-cantilever test method and the moment-rotation (M-θ) behavior of the connections and key failure modes were evaluated. The influence of variation in the thickness and the number of tabs of the BEC on the behavior of connection was also investigated. Increased connector thickness enabled the connector tabs to sustain higher failure moment. The findings showed that by varying the geometrical properties, the stiffness of the connection was affected at a higher rate as compared to the strength of the connection. A non-linear three dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model was developed to simulate the experimental investigations. The FE model showed a close agreement with experimental results.

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“…Cold-formed steel sections are very sensitive to buckling phenomena-both local and global−because they are generally thinwalled profiles so that they can easily undergo cold working processing. Therefore, a lot of research has been addressed to understand their behaviour under compressive stresses owing to axial and/or flexural loads, see for instance review articles on numerical and experimental findings [1][2][3][4]. Nevertheless, their use as secondary beams often entails fully laterally-restrained conditions of the flange in compression owing to a steel sheeting that prevents lateral torsional buckling (LTB).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%