Abstract:The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become a global public health concern. Recently, vaccines have been developed to treat this infectious disease. However, these newly developed vaccines are not widely available and not suitable for all age groups. In such circumstances, it is wise to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) such as masks, gloves, and gowns to better protect against COVID-19. Face masks have long been recommended as a means of preventing respiratory infections. However, inappropria… Show more
“…Illustrated in Figure 13 are different types of masks namely surgical mask, N95 respirators, FFP2 respirators and 3D printed mask respectively. Moreover, depicted in Figure 14 are the filtering efficiency of graphene-based face masks in terms of electrostatic influence, electrothermal effect, nano-porous membrane and photothermal activity [127] . Lastly, illustrated in Table 6 are the commercially available graphene and graphene-based facemask along with its superior properties.…”
Section: In the Following Sections The Current Advancements In The Po...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Figure 13 Schematic model illustrates (a) Surgical mask (b) N95 respirators (c) FFP2 respirators (d) 3D printed mask respectively. Figure 14 Schematic model of the filtering efficiency of graphene-based face masks: (A) the microorganisms are trapped by the graphene materials via the electrostatic force, (B) the electrothermally active graphene face masks effectively restricts the entry of inactive harmful viruses, (C) graphene membrane destroys the protein envelope of the virus in presence of IR radiation and (D) the average diameter of graphene nanopores is smaller compared to the size of SARS-CoV-2 virus respectively [127] . …”
Section: In the Following Sections The Current Advancements In The Po...mentioning
“…Illustrated in Figure 13 are different types of masks namely surgical mask, N95 respirators, FFP2 respirators and 3D printed mask respectively. Moreover, depicted in Figure 14 are the filtering efficiency of graphene-based face masks in terms of electrostatic influence, electrothermal effect, nano-porous membrane and photothermal activity [127] . Lastly, illustrated in Table 6 are the commercially available graphene and graphene-based facemask along with its superior properties.…”
Section: In the Following Sections The Current Advancements In The Po...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Figure 13 Schematic model illustrates (a) Surgical mask (b) N95 respirators (c) FFP2 respirators (d) 3D printed mask respectively. Figure 14 Schematic model of the filtering efficiency of graphene-based face masks: (A) the microorganisms are trapped by the graphene materials via the electrostatic force, (B) the electrothermally active graphene face masks effectively restricts the entry of inactive harmful viruses, (C) graphene membrane destroys the protein envelope of the virus in presence of IR radiation and (D) the average diameter of graphene nanopores is smaller compared to the size of SARS-CoV-2 virus respectively [127] . …”
Section: In the Following Sections The Current Advancements In The Po...mentioning
“…Tailor the treatment plan based on the type, severity, and frequency of pain episodes. [63] Monitor individuals closely for any side effects or interactions between pain medications and medications used to manage diabetes or sickle cell disease. Adjustments may be needed to minimize adverse effects while effectively managing pain.…”
The coexistence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and sickle cell anemia (SCA) poses significant challenges in clinical management due to the complex interactions and overlapping complications associated with both conditions. Managing diabetes in individuals with SCA requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the unique physiological and pathological aspects of both diseases. This paper reviews the challenges encountered in the management of DM in patients with SCA and explores therapeutic strategies and approaches to optimize patient care. Challenges in the management of DM in individuals with SCA stem from several factors, including the impact of hemoglobin variants on glycemic control assessment, increased susceptibility to infections, altered immune response, and complications associated with both diseases. Moreover, the coexistence of SCA and DM heightens the susceptibility to infections due to compromised immune function, emphasizing the need for vigilant preventive measures, including vaccinations and close monitoring for infectious complications. Close collaboration among healthcare providers specializing in diabetes, hematology, and other relevant fields is crucial for developing comprehensive care plans. Individualized treatment strategies that balance glycemic control, pain management, and preventive care are essential to mitigate complications and optimize the overall health outcomes of patients with both DM and SCA. In conclusion, managing diabetes in the context of SCA necessitates a nuanced and patient-centered approach. By addressing the challenges and employing tailored therapeutic strategies, healthcare providers can improve the quality of life and health outcomes for individuals affected by both conditions.
“…Different antimicrobial/antiviral compounds have been proved successful such as lignin, 19 copper oxide, 20 or carbon nanotubes, 21 which commonly functionalize commercial face masks or fabrics by sputtering 22 or spray coating. 19 Carbon-based nanomaterials 23 and, in particular, graphenebased nanomaterials 24,25 are one of the main candidates to achieve a higher hydrophobicity and antiviral performance. Graphene oxide (GO) has excellent physical and biological properties, is widely used in antibacterial applications, 26 and is capable of capturing viruses.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Carbon-based nanomaterials and, in particular, graphene-based nanomaterials , are one of the main candidates to achieve a higher hydrophobicity and antiviral performance. Graphene oxide (GO) has excellent physical and biological properties, is widely used in antibacterial applications, and is capable of capturing viruses.…”
Personal protective equipment such as face masks has become a fundamental tool to fight against virus-filled airborne droplets, preventing their widespread and the emergence of pandemics. While most face masks avoid the passing of airborne particles via a filtration effect, their protection effectiveness can be further increased by developing techniques based on antiviral coatings, which can inhibit virus replication. Among different coatings, carbon-based coatings are considered very appealing due to their low price and high antiviral properties. Most importantly, proper material selection during mask manufacturing is becoming more crucial as the high demand and consumption of common polypropylene face masks have grown into a huge environmental hazard. Herein, we present a potential face mask system based on nanoplatelets of graphene oxide (GO) spray coated via a simple one-step procedure over a poly(lactic acid) textile fabric, allowing a homogeneous coating. The incorporation of GO does not affect the textile structure nor affect its air permeability, while it increases its water contact angle, potentially preventing droplet trespassing. The antiviral efficiency was tested against Influenza A virus (H3N2) (strain A/Hong Kong/8/68), reaching a high reduction with no cytotoxic effect observed.
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