Review on analytical studies of some pharmaceutical compounds containing heterocyclic rings: brinzolamide, timolol maleate, flumethasone pivalate, and clioquinol

Abstract

Background: The heterocyclic compounds are extremely important with wide array of synthetic, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications. Heterocyclic-containing compounds have been reported for their broad spectrum of biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, and anthelmintic activity. Main text: Several techniques have been used for the quantitation of heterocyclic compounds in pharmaceutical samples such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) either equipped with UV-visible or fluorescence, in addition to liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and electrochemical techniques. This article reviewed several published methods that have been applied to detect and quantify some pharmaceutical drugs containing heterocyclic compounds focusing on four drugs: brinzolamide, timolol maleate, flumethasone pivalate, and clioquinol. Conclusion: From literature reviews, HPLC is the most widely used analytical technique for the quantitative analysis of the four selected drugs.

Electro-organic synthesis: an environmentally benign alternative for heterocycle synthesis

“…The reaction was performed in an undivided cell furnished with graphite as an anode and Pt as cathode. The reaction resulted in 40% yield of expected 3-aryl [1,2,4]-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines (68a) when attempted in MeCN/ H 2 O using n Bu 4 NBF 4 as electrolyte using 10 mA constant current at 25 °C. However, a remarkable increment in product Scheme 23 Synthesis of 1,3,5-substituted 1,2,4-tri-azoles using aldehyde, hydrazone and NH 4 OAc.…”

“…Heterocyclic compounds represent one of the privileged structural classes due to their wide range of applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, 1,2 agrochemicals, 3 organic materials 4 and veterinary products. 5 The significance of this class cannot be overstated due to its important contribution as a structural entity in organic frameworks.…”

Quantitative Analysis of Abamectin, Albendazole, Levamisole HCl and Closantel in Q-DRENCH Oral Suspension Using a Stability-Indicating HPLC-DAD Method

“…Critical evaluation of UV–spectrophotometric spectra of the four drugs indicates that ABA has the weakest UV absorbance due to the lack of many chromophoric groups if it is compared to the other three drugs [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Gadolinium Oxide Nanorods Anchored on g-C3N4 Nanosheets for Dual-Mode Electrochemical Determination of Clioquinol in Real-Time Analysis

“…The current global pandemic severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a lateral RNA betacoronavirus, causes severe viral infections. Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has not approved any drugs officially for treating COVID-19, several studies and investigations report that it can be treated via the potential usage of repurposed clinical drugs, among which remdesivir, azithromycin, levofloxacin, ivermectin, and doxycycline are granted emergency use authorization (EUA) for severe cases. , Olaleye et al worked on the discovery of clioquinol and its analogues as novel inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. − …”