Review of weather impact on outdoor terahertz wireless communication links

Federici, John F.; Ma, Jianjun; Moeller, Lothar

doi:10.1016/j.nancom.2016.07.006

Cited by 88 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…A simulationbased model for THz band satellite links has been proposed in [13]. Later, a review of weather impact on outdoor THz links has been presented in [14]. The latter study has been complemented by Y. Balal and Y. Pinhasi in [15], where effects of the atmosphere non-homogeneous refractivity on mmWave and THz band satellite links has been explored.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aiming to address this limitation, modern aircrafts are already equipped with satellite-based solutions operating in Ku (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) and, recently, Ka (26.5-40 GHz) frequency bands. Still, these systems can provide only limited service to restricted numbers of passengers, as the aggregated traffic from over 400 users (e.g., in a Airbus A350-1000) cannot be efficiently multiplexed into a single mmWave link.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis of Airplane-Satellite Terahertz Band Communications

Kokkoniemi

Jornet

Petrov

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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Wireless connectivity in airplanes is becoming more important, demanded, and common. One of the largest bottlenecks with the in-flight Internet is that the airplane is far away from both the satellites and the ground base stations during most of the flight time. Maintaining a reliable and highrate wireless connection with the airplane over such a longrange link thus becomes a challenge. Microwave frequencies allow for long link distances but lack the data rate to serve up to several hundreds of potential onboard customers. Higher bands in the millimeter-wave spectrum (30 GHz-300 GHz) have, therefore, been utilized to overcome the bandwidth limitations. Still, the per-user throughput with state-of-the-art millimeterwave systems is an order of magnitude lower than the one available with terrestrial wireless networks. In this paper, we take a step further and study the channel characteristics for the terahertz band (THz, 0.3 THz-10 THz) in order to map the feasibility of this band for aviation. We first propose a detailed channel model for aerial THz communications taking into account both the non-flat Earth geometry and the main features of the frequency-selective THz channel. We then apply this model to estimate the characteristics of aerial THz links in different conditions. We finally determine the altitudes where the use of airplane-to-satellite THz connection becomes preferable over the airplane-to-ground THz link. Our results reveal that the capacity of the airborne THz link may reach speeds ranging from 50-150 Gbps, thus enabling cellular-equivalent data rates to the passengers and staff during the entire flight.Index Terms-Airplane communications, satellite communications, THz channel modeling, THz communications I. INTRODUCTION T ODAY, terahertz (THz, 0.3 THz-3 THz) communication is widely considered to be one of the next frontiers for future wireless systems. Data transmission over the THz band offers at least an order of magnitude higher rates than emerging millimeter-wave (mmWave, 30 GHz-300 GHz)

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis of Airplane-Satellite Terahertz Band Communications

Kokkoniemi

Jornet

Petrov

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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“…Since coming to the attention of the scientific community, terahertz technology has made a series of breakthroughs due to its outstanding intrinsic advantages . With the rapid development of terahertz applications in fields such as terahertz communication, terahertz signal modulation, terahertz imaging, terahertz detection, and so on, terahertz related circuits and electronic components have been widely applied to current technologies. The fast‐growing applications for terahertz waves have led to an urgent demand for terahertz shielding materials in order to effectively reduce the interference of terahertz wave signals, improve their transmission environment, and ensure that the delicate electronic instruments work as normal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene‐Based Composites Combining Both Excellent Terahertz Shielding and Stealth Performance

Huang

Chen

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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terahertz imaging, [9][10][11] terahertz detection, [12][13][14] and so on, terahertz related circuits and electronic components have been widely applied to current technologies. The fast-growing applications for terahertz waves have led to an urgent demand for terahertz shielding materials in order to effectively reduce the interference of terahertz wave signals, improve their transmission environment, and ensure that the delicate electronic instruments work as normal. Moreover, terahertz stealth materials also play a very important role in the fields of national security and information protection, which may help to avoid significant losses to individuals, enterprises, and even countries. Therefore, high-performance terahertz shielding/stealth materials have the potential for wide applications. [15] Traditional terahertz shielding materials are mainly composed of reflective materials because they reflect the incident terahertz wave by simply increasing conductivity. [16,17] For example, it is reported that a terahertz-shielding membrane prepared by a pyrolysis process for commercial polyimide has a very high reflectivity of more than 90%. [18] However, reflective shielding materials have two fatal flaws. First, reflective shielding materials cannot completely eliminate the interference of terahertz waves, because the reflected terahertz wave still adversely affects other sophisticated electronic elements inside the shielded devices. [19] Second, reflective shielding materials usually have a large density. The reflective Strong terahertz-response material which exhibits both excellent terahertz shielding and stealth performance is promising in practical applications of terahertz technology. Here, ultralight graphene foam (GF) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes/multiwalled graphene foam (MGF) have been first demonstrated to achieve both superior terahertz shielding and stealth performance due to the dominant absorption loss with negligible reflection. The terahertz shielding effectiveness values of GF and MGF, both 3 mm thick, reach up to 74 and 61 dB. Meanwhile, their average terahertz reflection loss values are achieved up to 23 and 30 dB, respectively, which are the best results in existing broadband terahertz shielding/stealth materials. Importantly, their qualified absorption bandwidths (reflection loss value larger than 10 dB) cover the entire measured frequency band of 0.1-1.6 THz. Furthermore, the quantitative relationships between the terahertz shielding effectiveness, reflection loss, and material parameters are accurately established, which should facilitate the material design for terahertz shielding and stealth. Comprehensively considering the important indicators of density, bandwidth, and intensity, the specific average terahertz shielding coefficient and the specific average terahertz absorption performance are achieved up to 1.1 × 10 5 and 3.6 × 10 4 dB cm 3 g −1 , respectively, which is over thousands of times larger than other kinds of materials reported previously. Shielding/Stealth MaterialsThe...

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“…A detailed analysis of the propagation properties of THz signals for wireless communications in atmosphere can be found, for instance, in Ref. [14][15][16].An important aspect of THz communication is that of achieving the highest levels of security possible where secure distances need to range from 1 m up to 1 km. Applications for secure links include stealthy short distance communications between military personnel and vehicles (manned or unmanned).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A detailed analysis of the propagation properties of THz signals for wireless communications in atmosphere can be found, for instance, in Ref. [14][15][16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Quantum Cryptography

Ottaviani

Woolley

Erementchouk

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

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A well-known empirical rule for the demand of wireless communication systems is that of Edholm's law of bandwidth. It states that the demand for bandwidth in wireless short-range communications doubles every 18 months. With the growing demand for bandwidth and the decreasing cell size of wireless systems, terahertz (THz) communication systems are expected to become increasingly important in modern day applications. With this expectation comes the need for protecting users' privacy and security in the best way possible. With that in mind, we show that quantum key distribution can operate in the THz regime and we derive the relevant secret key rates against realistic collective attacks. In the extended THz range (from 0.1 to 50 THz), we find that below 1 THz, the main detrimental factor is thermal noise, while at higher frequencies it is atmospheric absorption. Our results show that high-rate THz quantum cryptography is possible over distances varying from a few meters using direct reconciliation, to about 220m via reverse reconciliation. We also give a specific example of the physical hardware and architecture that could be used to realize our THz quantum key distribution scheme. * Electronic address: carlo.ottaviani@york.ac.uk † Electronic address: stefano.pirandola@york.ac.uk exhibit very little degradation in performance compared to free-space optical links [9][10][11][12]. Under fog conditions, free-space optical links are completely blocked while THz links exhibit minimal impact. Similar transmission windows can be exploited at the MIR and FIR ranges, in particular, between 15 and 34 THz [13]. A detailed analysis of the propagation properties of THz signals for wireless communications in atmosphere can be found, for instance, in Ref. [14][15][16].An important aspect of THz communication is that of achieving the highest levels of security possible where secure distances need to range from 1 m up to 1 km. Applications for secure links include stealthy short distance communications between military personnel and vehicles (manned or unmanned). Security has been considered before in terms of THz communication by exploiting various characteristics and properties of the THz band [2,3]. Unfortunately, the security of all such 'classical' communication schemes have their limit in the sense that they can never be unconditionally secure. This problem can be fixed by quantum key distribution (QKD) [17][18][19]. QKD profits from the peculiar properties of quantum physics and quantum information [20][21][22], in particular the no-cloning theorem [23] and the monogamy of entanglement [24], to achieve levels of security that are not possible using classical cryptography.Continuous-variable (CV) QKD [19,25,26] has attracted increasing attention in the last years. This is due to the high rates achievable that allow one to approach the ultimate limit of point-to-point private communication [27][28][29], i.e., the Pirandola-Laurenza-Ottaviani-Banchi (PLOB) bound [27], equal to − log 2 (1 − T ) se-

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Review of weather impact on outdoor terahertz wireless communication links

Cited by 88 publications

References 47 publications

Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis of Airplane-Satellite Terahertz Band Communications

Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis of Airplane-Satellite Terahertz Band Communications

Graphene‐Based Composites Combining Both Excellent Terahertz Shielding and Stealth Performance

Terahertz Quantum Cryptography

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