Review of WADA Prohibited Substances: Limited Evidence for Performance-Enhancing Effects

Heuberger, Jules; Cohen, Adam F.

doi:10.1007/s40279-018-1014-1

Cited by 71 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…As is well-known, three criteria are used of which at least two have to be met: 1) enhancing, or having the potential to enhance, performance; 2) posing an actual or potential health risk; and 3) being contrary to the 'spirit of sport'. Apart from its catch-all approach due to the inclusion of 'the spirit of sport', it is clear that for many substances on the List there is no good evidence that they enhance performance or cause harm (Heuberger & Cohen, 2019). The List contains substances for which dangerousness can be considered acceptable or even absent, even though the adage 'the dose makes the poison' remains correct (even water can be deadly when taken in excess).…”

Section: Escalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Would Relaxation of the Anti-doping Rule Lead to Red Queen Effects?

Kayser

Block

2020

Sport, Ethics and Philosophy

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One of the claims sometimes advanced in favour of anti-doping is that allowing doping would lead to a uniform increase in performance in comparison to no doping. The idea is that if all athletes would use doping, this would just shift the playing field to a higher level without a change in ranking, but at a higher health cost. In this paper, we critique this contention. We first develop our theoretical framework, with reference to the so-called Red Queen effect. We then argue that, if doping were allowed, Red Queen effects would not be the rule. We also show that to some extent Red Queen effects would occur, but these would not necessarily be morally problematic. We end by developing an argument in favour of a more liberal approach of doping, since such would allow escaping from today's runaway effects of anti-doping efforts.

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Section: Escalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Would Relaxation of the Anti-doping Rule Lead to Red Queen Effects?

Kayser

Block

2020

Sport, Ethics and Philosophy

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“…This also translates into higher exercise potential [25]. However, the use of calcium channel inhibitors is prohibited in sports and included in the WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency) World List of Prohibited Substances [26]. Due to increased heart function (with an increase in heart rate and blood pressure), as well as the contraction of coronary vessels and coronary congestion, ischemia and myocardial infarctions may occur.…”

Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of the Cardiovascular Capacity of Amateur Long-Distance Skiers during the Transition Period

Grzebisz

2020

Diagnostics

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The aim of this study was to identify determinants of the cardiovascular capacity of 16 male amateur long-distance skiers during the transition period. These factors can vary from amateur marathon skiers, who represent a sort of midpoint between inactive people and professional athletes. Cardiovascular capacity depends mainly on the volume and intensity of the training, which are different between these groups. Finding the factors affecting heart condition of amateur athletes can be an important element in their health care and can help the athletes to achieve their full performance potential. Therefore, ergospirometric and hematological tests were performed. As a result, predictors for volume oxygen uptake were determined using a regression model, which included the following variables: the percentage of monocytes (p = 0.031), the concentration of sodium (p = 0.004), and total calcium (p = 0.03). All these parameters negatively affected VO2 max. Biochemical and physiological monitoring of amateur athletes can help to protect their health and prepare them properly for their training. The growing popularity of long-distance competitions among middle-aged amateur athletes and the lack of guidance on how to assess their health indicate the need for further research.

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“…Bu ajanlar, yalnızca aerosol veya inhale olarak ve hekimin yazılı olarak izin verdiği sporcular tarafından kullanılabilir. 35…”

Section: Korti̇kosteroi̇dlerunclassified