Review of Unmanned Aircraft System Technologies to Enable Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Operations

Davies, Lee; Bolam, Robert Cameron; Vagapov, Yuriy; Anuchin, Alecksey

doi:10.1109/icepds.2018.8571665

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Within this scenario, pilots must maintain continuous visual contact with UAS. VLOS is particularly interpreted to mean up to 500 m horizontally and 120 m vertically [25], but for large and well-visible systems (striking painting, position lights), altitudes up to 1000 or even 1500 m, and a radius of 1.5 km around the operator, have been accepted as VLOS (see measurements in [5,6,11]). In practical usage, UAS are sometimes operated beyond the aforementioned distance limitations as extended visual line of sight (EVLOS).…”

Section: Visibility and Range Restrictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Investigation of UAS Regulations in Europe and the Impact on Effective Use and Economic Potential

Alamouri

Lampert

Gerke

2021

Drones

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Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) have rapidly become more common in various applications. At the same time, the need for a safe UAS operation is of great importance to minimize and avoid risks that could arise with the deployment of this technology. With these requirements, UAS regulators in the European Union (EU) are making large efforts to enable a reliable legal framework of conditions for UAS operation to keep up with new capabilities of this technology and to minimize the risk of property damage and, most importantly, human injury. A recent outcome of the mentioned efforts is that new EU drone regulations are into force since 1 January 2021. In this paper we aim to provide a sound overview of recent EU drone regulations and the main changes to the rules since the first wave of regulations adopted in 2017. We highlight how such new rules help or hinder the use of UAS technology and its economic potential in scientific and commercial sectors by providing an exploratory investigation of UAS legal frames in Europe. An example of the impact of legislation on the operation of one particular UAS in Germany is provided, which has been in use since 2013 for atmospheric research.

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Section: Visibility and Range Restrictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Investigation of UAS Regulations in Europe and the Impact on Effective Use and Economic Potential

Alamouri

Lampert

Gerke

2021

Drones

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“…Heavy lift, beyond visual line of sight UAS have rapidly developed as package delivery operations receive additional attention [48,49]. Multiple technologies have been proposed to provide situational awareness during beyond visual line of sight operations [50][51][52][53][54]. Operation of the HBT-UAS beyond visual line of sight would face substantial safety obstacles, especially in the intended area where response to an inflight emergency or a crash is limited, however, the potential to cover over 20% of known plants and over 50% of voluntary avoidance areas represents a substantial asset to natural resource managers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide Ballistic Technology for Unmanned Aircraft Systems

2022

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Miconia is a highly invasive plant species with incipient plants occupying remote areas of Hawaiian watersheds. Management of these incipient plants is integral to current containment strategies. Herbicide Ballistic Technology (HBT) has been used for 8 years from helicopters as a precision approach to target individual plants. We have developed a prototype HBT applicator integrated onto an unmanned aircraft system, HBT-UAS, which offers the same precision approach with a semi-automated flight plan. Inclusion of the HBT payload resulted in statistically significant deviations from programmed flight plans compared to the unencumbered UAS, but the effect size was lower than that observed for different stages of flight. The additional payload of the HBT-UAS resulted in a large reduction in available flight time resulting a limited range of 22 m. The projectile spread of the HBT-UAS, within a 2–10 m range, had a maximum CEP of 1.87–5.58 cm. The most substantial limitation of the current prototype HBT-UAS is the available flight time. The use of larger capacity UAS and potential for beyond visual line of sight operations would result in a substantial improvement in the serviceable area and utility of the HBT-UAS for containment of invasive plants.

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“…Currently, in the UK BVLOS operations are only permitted with Civil Aviation authority approval [8], [9]. However, stride has been taken to support BVLOS operation within the UK, and this will be an important step forward when it comes to UTM systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Air Traffic Management Systems for UAV Integration into Urban Airspace

Davies

Vagapov

Grout

et al. 2021

2021 28th International Workshop on Electric Drives: Improving Reliability of Electric Drives (IWED)

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The role of Unmanned Aircraft Systems have increased substantially in recent years and are now not only used for personal use but for commercial, search and rescue and military application. The increase of the UAS will pose a significant safety risk to not only buildings and property but to the public and general air travel. This increase will undoubtedly cause a significant strain on Air Traffic Control (ATC) system and will lead to UAS not being used to their full potential. The use of autonomous UAS will increase over the coming years, and a reliable system of Unmanned Traffic Management (UTM) will be needed both for effective safety and reliability. Currently, there is no real framework in place to accommodate low level UAS in urban airspace. This research aims to discover the current state of the art technologies and innovations developed to create a workable UTM framework giving an overview of the various methods available to analyse the likelihood of a UTM being developed. The findings of the paper show that there is a definitive need for such a system to be developed and maintained if UAVs are to be incorporated into everyday life.

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Review of Unmanned Aircraft System Technologies to Enable Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Operations

Cited by 40 publications

References 9 publications

An Exploratory Investigation of UAS Regulations in Europe and the Impact on Effective Use and Economic Potential

An Exploratory Investigation of UAS Regulations in Europe and the Impact on Effective Use and Economic Potential

Herbicide Ballistic Technology for Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Review of Air Traffic Management Systems for UAV Integration into Urban Airspace

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