Review of ultrafine particle generation by laser ablation from solid targets in gas flows

New Trends on the Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles Using Microemulsions as Confined Reaction Media

“…Nowadays, there are a number of technologies available for nanoparticle synthesis, from the gas phase techniques such as laser evaporation (Gaertner & Lydtin, 1994), sputtering, laser pyrolisis, flame atomization and flame spray pyrolisis (Kruis et al 1998), etc, to the liquid phase techniques such as coprecipitation from homogeneous solutions and sol-gel reactions (Qiao et al 2011), solvothermal processes (Gautam et al 2002), sonochemical and cavitation processing (Suslick et al 1996), and surfactant and polymer-templated synthesis (Holmberg, 2004). Amongst the surfactant-based approaches, the microemulsion reaction method is one of the most used techniques for the preparation of very small and nearly monodispersed nanoparticles.…”

Nanoscaled ceramic powders produced by laser ablation

“…Thus increasing attention has been given to the fabrication and characterization of nanoparticles during recent decades, various techniques such as physical or chemical vapor condensation [5 Á/8], sol Á/ gel [9], rapid solidification [10], liquid precursor processes [11], flame processes [12 Á/14] and laser ablation [15,16] have been adapted to synthesize nanoparticles. Numerous studies in nanoparticles deeply increase the understanding of phenomena related to luminescence, catalysis, chemisorption, aerosol, powder metallurgy, ferrofluid etc.…”

Optical and electrical properties of hydrogenated yttrium nanoparticles

“…An Yttrium target, ∅ 12.7 mm (Alfa), was loaded into the ablation chamber after removing any residual yttriumoxide films. To achieve a supersonic cluster jet, [5][6][7][8], a constant flow (either 2.5 l min −1 or 7.5 l min −1 ) of purified argon gas (Ar 6.0, Air Products) is directed into the ablation chamber yielding a pressure inside this chamber of about 4 bar. Using a differential pumping system, the Ar pressure in the measurement chamber can be kept at 7 × 10 −5 mbar during ablation, the base pressure is below 1.0 × 10 −8 mbar.…”