Review of Trichodamon Mello-Leitão 1935 and phylogenetic placement of the genus in Phrynichidae (Arachnida, Amblypygi)

Miranda, Gustavo Silva de; Kury, Adriano B.; Giupponi, Alessandro Ponce de Leão

doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2018.02.006

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Species of Trichodamon Mello‐Leitão, 1935 additionally bear elongate, thin, and needle‐like pedipalps (Miranda et al . 2018b). Within the examined genera, morphological variation is notable (Weygoldt 2000a, 2002a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several taxa (e. g., Sarax; Rahmadi et al 2010) have pedipalps that are half the body length, while other taxa [e.g., Euphrynichus bacillifer (Gerstaecker, 1873)] have tibial sections that are double the body length (Weygoldt 2000a(Weygoldt , 2002a. Species of Trichodamon Mello-Leitão, 1935 additionally bear elongate, thin, and needle-like pedipalps (Miranda et al 2018b). Within the examined genera, morphological variation is notable (Weygoldt 2000a(Weygoldt , 2002a.…”

Section: Pedipalp Length Patterns Among Whip Spidersmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Kinematics of whip spider pedipalps: a 3D comparative morpho‐functional approach

2021

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Amblypygi are tropical and subtropical ambush predators that use elongated, raptorial pedipalps for different activities. Although pedipalp use in predation and courtship has been explored in videography in vivo analyses, kinematic ex vivo examination of these appendages has not been conducted. Here, we rectify this lack of data by using micro‐CT scans to 3D‐kinematically model the appendage morphology and the range of motion (ROM) of the joints for Damon medius and Heterophrynus elaphus. We illustrate the successful application of this technique to terrestrial euarthropods in determining the maximum ROM values for each pedipalp joint. We also note that, in life, these values would be lower due to motion restricting structures like tendons, arthrodial membranes, and muscles. We further compare our maximum values obtained here with data from video‐based motion analyses. The ROM of each joint shows the greatest flexibility in the femur‐tibia joint (140–150°), the lowest in the basitarsus‐claw joint (35–40°). ROM in the tibia‐basitarsus joint is markedly distinct (D. medius: 44°; H. elaphus: 105°). This disparity reflects how H. elaphus uses the joint in the capture basket, while D. medius uses the femur‐tibia joint to form the capture basket. We further illustrate notable vertical motion of the H. elaphus pedipalp compared to D. medius. This difference reflects the retro‐ventral trochanter apophysis of H. elaphus. Our study opens the possibility to further whip spider kinematic understanding. Examination of other taxa using this approach will result in a more comprehensive understanding of the ecological significance and ethological implications of this unique arachnid group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pedipalp Length Patterns Among Whip Spidersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Kinematics of whip spider pedipalps: a 3D comparative morpho‐functional approach

2021

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“…2, 6, 7; Wolff et al, 2017: 116; Beron, 2018: 85, 143, 469, 682, 895, 934, table 8.4; Dunlop, 2018: 14, 15, 18, fig. 1; McArthur et al, 2018: 62; Miranda et al, 2018a: 23; 2018b: 35; Miranda and Reboleira, 2019: 10; Nadein and Perkovsky, 2019: 603; Hu et al, 2020: 1; Barden and Engel, 2022: 421; Löscher et al, 2022: 2; Miranda et al, 2022: 143, 148; Réveillion et al, 2022: 10; Seiter et al, 2022: 1, 17.…”

Section: Systematicsunclassified

“…5–7; Beron, 2018: 85, 143, 469, 895, 934, map 7.21; Dunlop, 2018: 14, 15, 18, fig. 1; McArthur et al, 2018: 62; Miranda et al, 2018b: 51; Miranda and Reboleira, 2019: 10; Reyes-Lerma et al, 2021: 2; Miranda et al, 2022: 143.…”

Section: Systematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7B; Fahrein et al, 2009: 456; Penney, 2009: 72; Santer and Hebets, 2011: 3; Engel and Grimaldi, 2014: 1, 2, 13; Réveillon and Maquart, 2015: 190, 196; Beron, 2016: 484; Giupponi and Miranda, 2016: 7; Maquart and Réveillon, 2016: 27, 33; Garwood et al, 2017: 1, 3, 4, 7, 10, figs. 1C, D, 2A–F; Beron, 2018: 95, 469, 682, table 8.4; McArthur et al, 2018: 62; Miranda et al, 2018a: 24; 2018b: 35, figs. 14, 15A; Miranda and Reboleira, 2019: 9; Nadein and Perkovsky, 2019: 603; Deharveng and Bedos, 2019: 125; Haug and Haug, 2021: 406–409, table 1; Schmidt et al, 2022: 164; Miranda et al, 2022: 161.…”

Section: Systematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Revision of the Whip Spider Family Paracharontidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi) with Description of a New Troglobitic Genus and Species from Colombia

Moreno-González

Gutiérrez-Estrada

Prendini

2023

American Museum Novitates

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The ancient, enigmatic whip spider family Paracharontidae Weygoldt, 1996, representing the basalmost lineage of the arachnid order Amblypygi Thorell, 1883, is revised. The monotypic West African genus Paracharon Hansen, 1921, from Guinea Bissau, is redescribed, based on a reexamination and reinterpretation of the newly designated lectotype. A new troglobitic whip spider, Jorottui ipuanai, gen. et sp. nov., is described from a cave system in the upper basin of the Camarones River in the La Guajira Department of northeastern Colombia. This new taxon is the second extant representative of Paracharontidae and the first outside Africa. It is unambiguously assigned to the family based on several characters shared with Paracharon caecus Hansen, 1921, notably a projection of the anterior carapace margin, the tritosternum not projecting anteriorly, similar pedipalp spination, a reduced number of trichobothria on the tibia of leg IV, and cushionlike female gonopods. A detailed examination confirmed the absence of ocelli in both genera and the presence of three (Paracharon) vs. four (Jorottui, gen. nov.) prolateral teeth on the basal segment of the chelicera, the dorsalmost tooth bicuspid in both genera. The male gonopods of Paracharontidae are described for the first time. Paracharonopsis cambayensis Engel and Grimaldi, 2014, is removed from Paracharontidae and placed incertae sedis in Euamblypygi Weygoldt, 1996; amended, comparative diagnoses are presented for AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 4000 Paracharontidae and Paracharon; and previous interpretations of various diagnostic characters for Paracharontidae are discussed.

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The fossil record of whip spiders: the past of Amblypygi

Haug

2021

PalZ

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Whip spiders (Amblypygi), as their name suggests, resemble spiders (Araneae) in some aspects, but differ from them by their heart-shaped (prosomal) dorsal shield, their prominent grasping pedipalps, and their subsequent elongate pair of feeler appendages. The oldest possible occurrences of whip spiders, represented by cuticle fragments, date back to the Devonian (c. 385 mya), but (almost) complete fossils are known from the Carboniferous (c. 300 mya) onwards. The fossils include specimens preserved on slabs or in nodules (Carboniferous, Cretaceous) as well as specimens preserved in amber (Cretaceous, Eocene, Miocene). We review here all fossil whip spider specimens, figure most of them as interpretative drawings or with high-quality photographs including 3D imaging (stereo images) to make the three-dimensional relief of the specimens visible. Furthermore, we amend the list by two new specimens (resulting in 37 in total). The fossil specimens as well as modern whip spiders were measured to analyse possible changes in morphology over time. In general, the shield appears to have become relatively broader and the pedipalps and walking appendages have become more elongate over geological time. The morphological details are discussed in an evolutionary framework and in comparison with results from earlier studies.

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Review of Trichodamon Mello-Leitão 1935 and phylogenetic placement of the genus in Phrynichidae (Arachnida, Amblypygi)

Cited by 5 publications

References 61 publications

Kinematics of whip spider pedipalps: a 3D comparative morpho‐functional approach

Kinematics of whip spider pedipalps: a 3D comparative morpho‐functional approach

Systematic Revision of the Whip Spider Family Paracharontidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi) with Description of a New Troglobitic Genus and Species from Colombia

The fossil record of whip spiders: the past of Amblypygi

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