Review of transparent soil model testing technique for underground construction: Ground visualization and result digitalization

Zhang, Wengang; Gu, Xiaoqiang; Zhong, Wenhan; Ma, Zhitao; Ding, Xuanming

doi:10.1016/j.undsp.2020.05.003

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, if such a porous medium becomes fully saturated with a fluid whose refractive index matches that of the porous medium, it can become transparent to light [20][21][22]. Index matching techniques, commonly applied to granular materials like hydrogels, have successfully facilitated the study of hydrology, soil physics, and fluid dynamics in porous media [23,24]. A pioneering effort by Ma et al [25] developed transparent soil (TS), formed by the spherification of hydrogels made from biopolymers, specifically designed to support root growth in the presence of air, water, and nutrients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing a Cost-Effective Hydrogel-Based Transparent Soil

Li,

Ma,

Gao

et al. 2023

Gels

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Transparent soil (TS) was specifically designed to support root growth in the presence of air, water, and nutrients and allowed the time-resolved phenotyping of roots in vivo. Nevertheless, it is imperative to further optimize the reagent cost of TS to enable its wider utilization. We substituted the costly Phytagel obtained from Sigma with two more economical alternatives, namely Biodee and Coolaber. TS beads from each brand were prepared using 12 different polymer concentrations and seven distinct crosslinker concentrations. A comprehensive assessment encompassing transparency, mechanical characteristics, particle size, porosity, and stability of TS was undertaken. Compared to the Sigma Phytagel brand, both Biodee and Coolaber significantly reduced the transparency and collapse stress of the TS they produced. Consequently, this led to a significant reduction in the allowable width and height of the growth box, although they could still simultaneously exceed 20 cm and 19 cm. There was no notable difference in porosity and stability among the TS samples prepared using the three Phytagel brands. Therefore, it is feasible to consider replacing the Phytagel brand to reduce TS production costs. This study quantified the differences in TS produced using three Phytagel brands at different prices that will better promote the application of TS to root phenotypes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing a Cost-Effective Hydrogel-Based Transparent Soil

Li,

Ma,

Gao

et al. 2023

Gels

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“…Scholars have proposed stress and displacement solutions for incompressible soil in an elastic half-space and provided strain solutions for an elastic isotropic homogeneous body considering formation losses at a certain depth near the ground surface [17]. In theoretical analysis, the source-sink method is used to eliminate the influence of the free surface, thus obtaining a three-dimensional ground deformation formula.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additional Stress of Soil and Surface Settlement during Tunnel Shield Construction

Bian

Peng

et al. 2023

Buildings

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To study the influence of shield excavation on the surrounding soil, and to control the influence of the shield excavation of the subway tunnel on the surface settlement and the deformation of the surrounding buildings, it is necessary to study the additional stress of the surrounding soil caused by the tunnel shield excavation and the law of surface settlement. Combined with a shield construction project of a subway tunnel, this article uses the Mindlin solution in elastic mechanics to obtain three-dimensional calculation formulas for the additional thrust on the shield cutter head surface and the additional stress and displacement field caused by the friction force between the shield shell and the soil contact interface on the surrounding soil. The Loganathan ground movement pattern is used to determine the soil movement mode. The source–sink method is used to study the formula for calculating the three-dimensional additional stress of the soil around the shield tunnel caused by ground loss. The results show that when the shield is digging, the ground goes through five stages, namely the uplift of the ground before the arrival of the shield cutter head, surface settlement when the shield reaches the surface subsides when the shield tail of the shield passes through, the passage of the shield tail of the shield, surface settlement when the lining is separated from the shield, and consolidation and settlement after the shield passes through.

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“…The principles of calculating the displacements of two captured pictures using the DIC technique is also known. It is essential to note that this method is sensitive to the average gray intensity of the images [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…technique is also known. It is essential to note that this method is sensitive to the average gray intensity of the images [3]. However, the intelligent cameras still further support the manufacturing engineering and simplify it because the image analysis is run directly inside the CCD system [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Center of Gravity Coordinates Estimation Based on an Overall Brightness Average Determined from the 3D Vision System

Holubek

Vagaš

2021

Applied Sciences

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In advanced manufacturing technologies (including complex automated processes) and their branches of industry, perception and evaluation of the object parameters are the most critical factors. Many production machines and workplaces are currently equipped as standard with high-quality special sensing devices based on vision systems to detect these parameters. This article focuses on designing a reachable and fully functional vision system based on two standard CCD cameras usage, while the emphasis is on the RS 232C communication interface between two sites (vision and robotic systems). To this, we combine principles of the 1D photogrammetric calibration method from two known points at a stable point field and the available packages inside the processing unit of the vision system (as filtering, enhancing and extracting edges, weak and robust smoothing, etc.). A correlation factor at camera system (for reliable recognition of the sensed object) was set from 84 to 100%. Then, the pilot communication between both systems was proposed and then tested through CREAD/CWRITE commands according to protocol 3964R (used for the data transfer). Moreover, the system was proven by successful transition of the data into the robotic system. Since research gaps in this field still exist and many vision systems are based on PC processing or intelligent cameras, our potential research topic tries to provide the price–performance ratio solution for those who cannot regularly invest in the newest vision technology; however, they could still do so to stay competitive.

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Review of transparent soil model testing technique for underground construction: Ground visualization and result digitalization

Cited by 17 publications

References 56 publications

Characterizing a Cost-Effective Hydrogel-Based Transparent Soil

Characterizing a Cost-Effective Hydrogel-Based Transparent Soil

Additional Stress of Soil and Surface Settlement during Tunnel Shield Construction

Center of Gravity Coordinates Estimation Based on an Overall Brightness Average Determined from the 3D Vision System

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