Review of three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging for oncoplastic, reconstructive and aesthetic breast surgery

O’Connell, Rachel; Stevens, Roger; Harris, Paul A.; Rusby, Jennifer

doi:10.1016/j.breast.2015.03.011

Cited by 62 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Over the years, various studies have been conducted to validate 3D surface imaging (3D-SI) systems for measuring breast volumes [18e26]. A literature review by O'Connell et al stated that the reproducibility of 3D-SI is of crucial importance in studies of evolving changes over time, as clinically relevant findings can be masked or exaggerated by small variations in patient positioning, placement of landmarks and intra-or inter-observer measurements [27]. In our research, all images were acquired by the same photographer with the patients in the same positioning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Three-dimensional evaluation of breast volume changes following autologous free flap breast reconstruction over six months”

et al. 2020

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a b s t r a c tObjectives: To date, little is known about postoperative changes in breast volume after autologous breast reconstruction. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate breast volume changes following autologous free flap reconstruction and the factors affecting flap volume. Materials and methods: Patients who underwent deep inferior epigastric perforator, superficial inferior epigastric artery and profunda artery perforator flaps between December 2016 and January 2019 were included. Exclusion criteria were breast complications requiring surgical debridement, and the absence of at least two suitable three-dimensional images postoperatively. Three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry volume measurements were performed at the time of standard surgical check-ups. Changes in breast volume were modeled using a quartic polynomial curve function in a nested mixed effects model. Results: 136 breasts in 101 patients were included. An average decrease of predicted breast volume was found from 637.8 cc (95%-CI [624.4, 651.1]) at two weeks to 566.6 cc (95%-CI [535.1, 598.0]) after three and 567.6 cc (95%-CI [515.9, 617.6]) after six months postoperatively. Reconstruction timing and first postoperatively measured breast volume showed a statistically significant difference in initial reconstructed breast volume and in the shape of the relationship between time and breast volume, whereas autologous technique and BMI only showed a statistically significant difference in initial reconstructed volume and mastectomy indication in the shape of the relationship. Conclusion: The final overall flap volume decreased to 88.9% of its original volume after six months. Gaining more insight into the factors influencing flap volume is of crucial importance to facilitate predictable surgical outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Three-dimensional evaluation of breast volume changes following autologous free flap breast reconstruction over six months”

et al. 2020

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“…Three-dimensional scanning Three-dimensional scanning systems are relatively new (Daly and Hartmann's study [42] is the earliest and dates from 1995) and use a wide variety of underlying technologies (O'Connell et al's review gives a more detailed appraisal of this technology [47]). Daly and Hartmann [42] used Moir e topography [48] to obtain surface scans which is limited in view-range and only suitable for women with particular breast shape/size.…”

Section: Mammographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, accuracy was not dealt with in detail (focussing on reliability as the coefficient of variation) and papers were not excluded based on the quality of gold-standard. O'Connell et al [47] focused on 3D surface imaging methods used in breast volume assessment (referred to as 3D scanning in this study). While accuracy is discussed, other methods of volume measurement are not considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The accuracy of breast volume measurement methods: A systematic review

et al. 2016

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Breast volume is a key metric in breast surgery and there are a number of different methods which measure it. However, a lack of knowledge regarding a method's accuracy and comparability has made it difficult to establish a clinical standard. We have performed a systematic review of the literature to examine the various techniques for measurement of breast volume and to assess their accuracy and usefulness in clinical practice. Each of the fifteen studies we identified had more than ten live participants and assessed volume measurement accuracy using a gold-standard based on the volume, or mass, of a mastectomy specimen. Many of the studies from this review report large (>200 ml) uncertainty in breast volume and many fail to assess measurement accuracy using appropriate statistical tools. Of the methods assessed, MRI scanning consistently demonstrated the highest accuracy with three studies reporting errors lower than 10% for small (250 ml), medium (500 ml) and large (1000 ml) breasts. However, as a high-cost, non-routine assessment other methods may be more appropriate.

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“…A survey of 1067 plastic surgeons in America revealed that 15% of surgeons are using 3D-SI technology in their practice [18]. We have reported on the use of 3D-SI as a research and clinical tool in aesthetic, oncoplastic and reconstructive breast surgery [19] using linear distances and 3D measurements such as volume and symmetry. Several other studies have validated its use in volume measurement [20–29] as a surgical planning tool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential role of three-dimensional surface imaging as a tool to evaluate aesthetic outcome after Breast Conserving Therapy (BCT)

O’Connell

Micco

Khabra

et al. 2017

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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PurposeTo establish whether objective measurements of symmetry of volume and shape using three-dimensional surface imaging (3D-SI) can be used as surrogate markers of aesthetic outcome in patients who have undergone breast conserving therapy (BCT).MethodsWomen who had undergone unilateral BCT in the preceding 1–6 years were invited to participate. Participants completed a satisfaction questionnaire (BREAST-Q) and underwent 3D-SI. Volume and surface symmetry were measured on the images. Assessment of aesthetic outcome was undertaken by a panel of clinicians. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to assess the relationship between volume and shape symmetry measurements with the panel score. Spearman’s rho correlations were used to assess the relationship between the measurements and patient satisfaction.Results200 women participated. Median volume symmetry was 87% (IQR 78–93) and shape symmetry was 5.9 mm (IQR 4.2–8.0). The participants were grouped according to panel assessment of aesthetic outcome (poor, fair, good, excellent) and the median volume and shape symmetry was calculated for each group. Volume symmetry significantly differed between the groups. Post hoc pairwise comparisons demonstrated that these differences existed between panel scores of fair versus good and good versus excellent. Median shape symmetry also differed according to patient panel groups with four significant pairwise comparisons between poor versus good, poor versus excellent, fair versus good and fair versus excellent. There was a significant but weak correlation of both volume symmetry and surface asymmetry with BREAST-Q scores (correlation coefficients 0.187 and −0.229, respectively).ConclusionBreast volume and shape symmetry are both associated with panel assessment scores and patient satisfaction. The objective volume and shape symmetry measures were strongly associated with panel assessment scores, such that a 3D-SI tool could replace panel assessment as a faster and more objective method of evaluating aesthetic outcomes.

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Review of three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging for oncoplastic, reconstructive and aesthetic breast surgery

Cited by 62 publications

References 101 publications

“Three-dimensional evaluation of breast volume changes following autologous free flap breast reconstruction over six months”

“Three-dimensional evaluation of breast volume changes following autologous free flap breast reconstruction over six months”

The accuracy of breast volume measurement methods: A systematic review

The potential role of three-dimensional surface imaging as a tool to evaluate aesthetic outcome after Breast Conserving Therapy (BCT)

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