Review of the tactical evaluation tools for youth players, assessing the tactics in team sports: football

Abstract

For sports assessment to be comprehensive, it must address all variables of sports development, such as psychological, social-emotional, physical and physiological, technical and tactical. Tactical assessment has been a neglected variable until the 1980s or 1990s. In the last two decades (1995–2015), the evolution of tactical assessment has grown considerably, given its importance in game performance. The aim of this paper is to compile and analyze different tactical measuring tools in team sports, particularly in soccer, through a bibliographical review. Six tools have been selected on five different criteria: (1) Instruments which assess tactics, (2) The studies have an evolution approach related to the tactical principles, (3) With a valid and reliable method, (4) The existence of publications mentioning the tool in the method, v. Applicable in different sports contexts. All six tools are structured around seven headings: introduction, objective(s), tactical principles, materials, procedures, instructions/rules of the game and published studies. In conclusion, the teaching–learning processes more tactical oriented have useful tactical assessment instrument in the literature. The selection of one or another depends some context information, like age and level of expertise of the players.

Comparison of tactical principles efficiency among soccer players from different game positions

“…thus, this must be assessed throughout the teaching-learning-training process [1]. this dimension has been highlighted thanks to the process of overcoming traditional approaches, giving space to methodologies guided by systemic paradigms [2].…”

Individual differences in attentional capability are linked to creative decision making

“…While the present samples consisted of people aged 19–32 years, future research could investigate the cognitive processes underlying creative performances, among others, during childhood and adolescence. Developing tactical skills and challenging creative potential is especially crucial in these early age ranges for being competitive in the long term (for a review, see González‐Víllora, Serra‐Olivares, Pastor‐Vicedo, & Costa, ).…”

“…Hüttermann . However, it must be considered that cognitive abilities change across the lifespan (e.g., Hüttermann et al, 2012;Salthouse, 1991;Wingfield, Stine, Lahar, & Aberdeen, 1998 Developing tactical skills and challenging creative potential is especially crucial in these early age ranges for being competitive in the long term (for a review, see González-Víllora, Serra-Olivares, Pastor-Vicedo, & Costa, 2015).…”

Tomada de decisão no contexto esportivo

“…Nos trabalhos recentes abordando as habilidades perceptivo-cognitiva da tomada de decisão, os pesquisadores têm utilizado majoritariamente duas formas de avaliação: a avaliação em situações de laboratório (in vitro), com maior controle metodológico; e os testes em campo (in vivo), com características mais ecológicas, que buscam reproduzir ao máximo as demandas encontradas no ambiente da prática (18,37) . Ambas as formas de avaliações requerem diferentes materiais para a sua aplicação, podendo variar desde a utilização de questionários e câmeras, até o uso de vídeos e softwares e recursos tecnológicos.…”