Review of the State of Impurity Occurrences and Impurity Removal Technology in Phosphogypsum

Xu, Li; Lv, Xinfeng; Liu, Xiang

doi:10.3390/ma16165630

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…The high silica content leads to an unstable quality when phosphogypsum is used in gypsum building materials . During the decomposition and recovery of sulfur resources and cement from phosphogypsum, a high silicon dioxide content affects the thermal decomposition process of PG and the properties of cement products. , The high silicon dioxide content of phosphogypsum is a restricting factor for its cyclic utilization, and the removal of silica impurities from phosphogypsum is challenging because of the insolubility and coarse particle size of silica . SiO 2 is extracted and removed from high-silica phosphogypsum using a flotation method, , which leads to increased costs and new waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 29 , 30 The high silicon dioxide content of phosphogypsum is a restricting factor for its cyclic utilization, and the removal of silica impurities from phosphogypsum is challenging because of the insolubility and coarse particle size of silica. 31 SiO 2 is extracted and removed from high-silica phosphogypsum using a flotation method, 32 , 33 which leads to increased costs and new waste. Yang et al studied the direct application of chemical looping gasification (CLG) with a high-silicon PG oxygen carrier, in which SiO 2 participated in the production of syngas and inhibited the production of H 2 S, which is desirable for clean production processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process Optimization and Mechanism Study for Sulfur Recovery from High-Silica Phosphogypsum via Carbothermal Reduction Smelting

Wang,

Hou,

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Phosphogypsum produced from wet-processed phosphoric acid mainly consists of calcium sulfate dihydrate, which is an important sulfur resource. The traditional sulfuric acid and cement process based on phosphogypsum suffers from unstable cement quality owing to impurities such as phosphorus and fluorine and kiln ringing caused by the low-melting phase. This study investigated sulfur recovery and value-added utilization of liquid slag from high-silica phosphogypsum via carbothermal reduction smelting. A phosphogypsum ingredient (PGI) system was constructed by adding appropriate amounts of silica, alumina, magnesium oxides, and iron oxides to meet the production requirements of slag wool. Carbothermal reduction smelting experiments suggested that the temperature and C/S molar ratio significantly affected the desulfurization rate and phase structure of the slag. More than 97.44 wt % of sulfur could be recovered with a C/S molar ratio of 0.5−0.8 at 1300 °C or above in the molten state, and the molten slag was an amorphous magnesium−calcium−aluminosilicate. The PGI desulfurization mechanism is discussed based on the phase transformation and slag microstructure evolution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Optimization and Mechanism Study for Sulfur Recovery from High-Silica Phosphogypsum via Carbothermal Reduction Smelting

Wang,

Hou,

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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“…Traditional technologies for the processing of phosphorite ore into phosphate fertilizers are characterized by the formation of a large amount of solid mineral (phosphogypsum) waste and liquid chemical effluents [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid-Free Processing of Phosphorite Ore Fines into Composite Fertilizers Using the Mechanochemical Activation Method

Bazhirova,

Zhantasov,

Bazhirov

et al. 2024

J. Compos. Sci.

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The relevance of involving substandard raw materials for the production of composite phosphorus-containing fertilizer production is significant due to the problem of providing food products for the growing population of the Earth. The main raw materials for phosphorus and composite phosphorus-containing fertilizer production are natural phosphate ores—phosphorites. However, in the process of mining and crushing, ~55–60% phosphorite ore fines are formed—a fraction of less than 10 mm, which is unsuitable for traditional processing into composite phosphorus-containing fertilizers. This article presents the results of physicochemical studies of the substandard fine fraction of phosphorite ore and the results of the studies of the possibility of their direct processing into phosphorus and composition of phosphorus-containing fertilizers using methods of mechanical and mechanochemical activation in the “Activator 4” planetary mill. The findings of the studies performed confirm the rather high efficiency of phosphorite ore fines’ mechanical activation and phosphorite-containing mixtures’ mechanochemical activation, which make it possible to significantly increase the content of assimilable phosphorus pentoxide P2O5 in composite phosphorus-containing fertilizers. The proposed innovative technology has fundamental differences from existing technologies, since the mechanochemical activation of a mixture of phosphorite ore fines and functional components will allow for direct acid-free and waste-free processing into phosphorus and composite phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers.

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“…Along with CaSO 4 •2H 2 O, PG also contains fluorapatite, goethite, and quartz, as well as small quantities of phosphate, anatase, magnetite, monazite, and quartz. Aside from that, it contains trace amounts of heavy metals such as Cd, Ni, and Cu [3][4][5]. The significant quantity of PG generated can result in water and soil pollution, which makes the effective utilization of PG a highly concerning issue for researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of Calcined Phosphogypsum Reinforced with Basalt Fiber and Calcium Carbonate Whiskers: A Study on Individual and Mixed Tests

Jiang,

Huo,

Lei

et al. 2024

Materials

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In an effort to appropriately address the insufficient mechanical properties of calcined phosphogypsum, this research intends to explore how to utilize basalt fiber and calcium carbonate whiskers as reinforcing agents. The study delves deep into their impacts on the flexural and compressive strength, toughness, water resistance, and tensile strength of calcined phosphogypsum. In the individual tests, basalt fibers with different lengths (3 mm, 6 mm, 9 mm, and 18 mm) were added at dosages of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, respectively. As clearly demonstrated by the research findings, basalt fiber effectively reinforces the flexural and compressive strength, toughness, and tensile strength of calcined phosphogypsum, though compromising water resistance. Among the various fiber lengths, the 6 mm fibers impose the most advantageous influence on the performance of calcined phosphogypsum. Afterwards, a test was conducted to explore how cross−scale fibers affect the properties of calcined phosphogypsum by mixing 6 mm basalt fibers and calcium carbonate whiskers. As illustrated by the experimental findings, calcium carbonate whisker refines the pores, thereby elevating the flexural strength and toughness of calcined phosphogypsum. Furthermore, it compensates for the water resistance limitations associated with the sole utilization of basalt fiber while further augmenting the tensile strength and strain capacity. Nonetheless, it is particularly noteworthy that heightening the dosage of both calcium carbonate whiskers and basalt fibers concurrently gives rise to augmented porosity of phosphogypsum and lowered compressive strength.

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Review of the State of Impurity Occurrences and Impurity Removal Technology in Phosphogypsum

Cited by 11 publications

References 79 publications

Process Optimization and Mechanism Study for Sulfur Recovery from High-Silica Phosphogypsum via Carbothermal Reduction Smelting

Process Optimization and Mechanism Study for Sulfur Recovery from High-Silica Phosphogypsum via Carbothermal Reduction Smelting

Acid-Free Processing of Phosphorite Ore Fines into Composite Fertilizers Using the Mechanochemical Activation Method

Performance Evaluation of Calcined Phosphogypsum Reinforced with Basalt Fiber and Calcium Carbonate Whiskers: A Study on Individual and Mixed Tests

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