Review of the State of the Art on Adaptive Protection for Microgrids Based on Communications

Gutiérrez-Rojas, Daniel; Nardelli, Pedro H. J.; Mendes, Gonçalo; Popovski, Petar

doi:10.1109/tii.2020.3006845

Cited by 52 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…However, since this type of communication technology was not designed for connectivity in real-time feedback control systems, they have been the subject of recent research due to their latency in the transmission of data packets between remote stations. This latency has been greatly improved of late, which has made the use of ethernet for smart grids possible [24], since the operability of the system could otherwise be affected, depending on the type of control process in question. Another aspect that must be considered is data mining for processing in control systems.…”

Section: Microgrid Operations With Bms Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Improvement in Microgrids Through Battery Management System Control Supported by a Remedial Action Scheme

et al. 2022

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In this work, we propose a battery management system control (BMSC) for primary frequency regulation. In many operational scenarios, the microgrid (MG) results in a weak frequency due to the low inertia of the renewable energy sources and the highly dynamic loads. The proposed BMSC improves the operation and control of the MG by managing the energy stored in the battery storage systems (BESS) through the battery management system (BMS); continuous frequency control of the MG is achieved, preserving the energy availability of BESS. The proposed system performs frequency control actions in real time (in the MG operation through BMSC) and it is not required to know the insolation and wind speed forecasts, due to the high uncertainty in the forecasts. Frequency regulation is achieved by evaluating the energy required by the MG, and by controlling the charging and discharging operations that ensure that the BESS resource is available. Due to the highly dynamic MGs, the contribution of the battery in each period is limited to a percentage of its capacity, avoiding deep discharges and the loss of premature energy provided by the battery. The control will apply a remedial action scheme to keep the frequency within the operating margins if the BMS cannot regulate the frequency. The system proposed here is evaluated using an MG system in an island operation. The results show the feasibility of the proposed system under different operating conditions and the compliance with the technical operational specifications of the BESS.

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Section: Microgrid Operations With Bms Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Improvement in Microgrids Through Battery Management System Control Supported by a Remedial Action Scheme

et al. 2022

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“…Wei et al 65 A research overview of key microgrid technologies included the typical structure, planning and design, operational control, protection technology, and power quality are presented Microgrid protection Gutierrez-Rojas et al 66 Communication technologies play an essential role in the distributed energy system because the response of compatible devices must be coordinated. The state of the art in this field is reviewed in this article, and a complete analysis of the main related communication technologies and optimization techniques is presented Zhang et al 67 Analysis, identification, and separation of faults along for DC microgrids are provided.…”

Section: Microgrid Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief review on microgrids: Operation, applications, modeling, and control

Shahgholian

2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

118

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Microgrid is an important and necessary component of smart grid development. It is a small-scale power system with distributed energy resources. To realize the distributed generation potential, adopting a system where the associated loads and generation are considered as a subsystem or a microgrid is essential. In this article, a literature review is made on microgrid technology.The studies run on microgrid are classified in the two topics of feasibility and economic studies and control and optimization. The applications and types of microgrid are introduced first, and next, the objective of microgrid control is explained. Microgrid control is of the coordinated control and local control categories. The small signal stability and methods in improving it are discussed.The load frequency control in microgrids is assessed.

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“…Therefore, various optimisation techniques for BES for deciding the charging and discharging power are in the developing stage. Furthermore, in an islanded system, the following factors are important: (1) the maximum battery discharging rate has to be greater than or equal to the peak load capacity; (2) the BES charging and discharging power has to be large enough to supply the system through RES uncertainty period [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved generalised integrator for optimal dispatch of SyRG‐based pico‐hydro‐PV system

Sharma

Singh

Kewat

2021

IET Energy Syst Integration

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The fluctuating outputs from renewable energy sources (RESs) and variable load power demand deteriorate the current quality, thus an improved generalised integrator with a frequency-locked loop (IGI-FLL) control strategy is used, which is not only easy but simple to attain a quick and precise fundamental extraction. IGI-FLL control method is utilised with all-pass filter and is capable to accomplish enhanced harmonics, noise and DC offset rejection ability while estimating fundamental component of the load current. In addition, the FLL structure is used to increase the frequency immunity against voltage variations. It provides improved steady-state and dynamic performances with flexibility in parameter tuning in comparison to SOGI-FLL algorithm. It also presents a cost-effective and robust genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimisation to provide optimum battery charging and discharging power while satisfying the state-of-charge (SOC) limits under RES uncertainty. In this islanded microgrid, a Synchronous Reluctance Generator for pico-hydro and photovoltaic array is used so that this hybrid system utilises maximum solar PV array power, matches the load, or else charges the battery energy storage while maintaining power balance in the microgrid. Comparative outcomes authenticate the efficacy of the algorithm to handle the issue of RES uncertainty and load unbalance in an islanded microgrid.

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Review of the State of the Art on Adaptive Protection for Microgrids Based on Communications

Cited by 52 publications

References 124 publications

Frequency Improvement in Microgrids Through Battery Management System Control Supported by a Remedial Action Scheme

Frequency Improvement in Microgrids Through Battery Management System Control Supported by a Remedial Action Scheme

A brief review on microgrids: Operation, applications, modeling, and control

Improved generalised integrator for optimal dispatch of SyRG‐based pico‐hydro‐PV system

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