Review of the sanitary condition of coniferous forests in windfall places in the Ile-Alatau National park (Kazakhstan) in 2011–2015

Tree-Ring Reconstruction of Bark Beetle Disturbances in the Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et Mey. Forests of Southeast Kazakhstan

“…Exotic bark beetles, including I. duplicatus and I. sexdentatus, established locally in the 1960s when raw logs were imported from Siberia and northern Kazakhstan during construction of railroads and the Medeu Mudflow Control Dam, and/or when European-grown spruce and pine were planted in the wildland-urban interface after completion of the dam [10,58]. The control dam protects the city of Almaty and the Medeu winter sports complex from avalanches and mud and debris flows.…”

“…At 1750 m a.s.l., the control dam is located just within the lower elevation zone for P. schrenkiana, and close to P. sylvestris plantations. Areas below the dam became attractive for urban development, and European-grown trees of a variety of species are commonly planted in the new wildland-urban interface with little regard to the importation of exotic pests [10,58]. However, importation of raw bark-on logs used in construction is the more likely source of exotic bark beetle species because urban planting stock tends to be smaller than sizes typically attacked by these bark beetles.…”

“…Later sampling by this group also caught I. sexdentatus. Kazenas et al (2016) [58] caught I. hauseri and I. sexdentatus (pheromone lures were not specified). Increased disturbance frequency, even at a small local scale, might be related to establishment of exotic species.…”

Monitoring of Stem Pest Populations (Scolytinae) Which Strikes the Endemic Spruce Shrenk in Zailiysk Alatau

“…In addition, Shrenk's spruce an attraction for tourists. Spruce spruce have a whole set of stem pests (xylophagous) that includes a great variety of common forms, and are region-specific insects [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”