Review of the Mechanisms by Which Transcription Factors and Exogenous Substances Regulate ROS Metabolism under Abiotic Stress

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules that regulate many biological processes in plants. However, excess ROS induced by biotic and abiotic stresses can destroy biological macromolecules and cause oxidative damage to plants. As the global environment continues to deteriorate, plants inevitably experience abiotic stress. Therefore, in-depth exploration of ROS metabolism and an improved understanding of its regulatory mechanisms are of great importance for regulating cultivated plant growth and developing cultivars that are resilient to abiotic stresses. This review presents current research on the generation and scavenging of ROS in plants and summarizes recent progress in elucidating transcription factor-mediated regulation of ROS metabolism. Most importantly, the effects of applying exogenous substances on ROS metabolism and the potential regulatory mechanisms at play under abiotic stress are summarized. Given the important role of ROS in plants and other organisms, our findings provide insights for optimizing cultivation patterns and for improving plant stress tolerance and growth regulation.

GABA Metabolism, Transport and Their Roles and Mechanisms in the Regulation of Abiotic Stress (Hypoxia, Salt, Drought) Resistance in Plants

“…GABA is mainly synthesized in the cytoplasm and is catabolized in mitochondria [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. GABA synthesis and catabolism are regulated by many factors and play an important role in maintaining carbon and nitrogen balance [ 7 , 8 ], promoting plant photosynthesis [ 9 , 10 ], quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other processes [ 11 , 12 ]. As a signalling molecule, GABA participates in the regulation of tolerance to various abiotic stresses, such as hypoxia [ 13 ], salinity [ 14 ] and drought [ 15 ].…”

Drought resistance index screening and evaluation of lettuce under water deficit conditions on the basis of morphological and physiological differences

“…in response to which antioxidants are produced to scavenge the ROS. SOD catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide to molecular oxygen and H 2 O 2 , after which H 2 O 2 is converted into water and oxygen inside the cytosol and chloroplasts, which protects the cell from the toxic effects of ROS ( Sarker and Oba, 2018 ; Liu et al., 2022 ). The high activity of SOD, CAT, and POD inside the cell during drought stress reflects the ability of the genotypes to tolerate drought; therefore, the genotypes in which high concentrations of these antioxidants are generated were considered tolerant, and the genotypes that produced low concentrations were considered sensitive.…”

Types of Membrane Transporters and the Mechanisms of Interaction between Them and Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants

“…Ca 2+ -ATPase and phosphate transporter1 (PHO1) play important roles in directly inhibiting the generation of ROS in plants. The respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) are located on the plasma membrane in plants, and their C terminus contains a six-αtransmembrane helical domain (TMD-I-TMDVI) consisting of an FAD domain and an NADPH domain, with EF-hand motifs and phosphorylation targets at the N terminus [115]. Ten homologs of RBOH (AtRBOHA−AtRBOHJ) have been identified in Arabidopsis [116].…”