Review of the Magnitude of Folate and Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> Deficiencies Worldwide

McLean, Erin; Benoist, Bruno de; Allen, Lindsay H.

doi:10.1177/15648265080292s107

Cited by 257 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…and colleagues found that vitamin B12 deficiency was 19.71% and megaloblastic anemia prevalence was 9.82% in old hospitalized patients in the neurology clinic [16]. However, the prevalence is observed as 1.6% to 10% in Europe [17]. We found vitamin B12 deficiency as 5% in healthy control group which is similar with these values.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Characteristics of anemia in subclinical and overt hypothyroid patients

et al. 2012

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Characteristics of anemia in subclinical and overt hypothyroid patients

et al. 2012

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“…Other studies have examined B 12 status in individuals randomly selected from the population (10,16,17) . Allen showed in a US sub-population of individuals aged $60 years that the prevalence of B 12 deficiency was 6 % and the prevalence of B 12 depletion (marginal B 12 status, HoloTC not assessed) was about 20 % (4) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, no relationship between B 12 status and geographic distribution of the population can be claimed (10) . The condition has the potential to be a worldwide public health problem.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence of vitamin B12 depletion and deficiency in Liechtenstein

Koenig

Stanga

Zerlauth

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Data about vitamin B 12 (B 12 ) deficiency in the general population are scarce. The present study was performed to determine the prevalence of B 12 deficiency in the general population of the Principality of Liechtenstein, as well as to identify sub-populations potentially at high risk. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Ambulatory setting, population of the Principality of Liechtenstein. Subjects: Seven thousand four hundred and twenty-four patients seeking medical attention whose serum samples were referred for routine work-up in an ambulatory setting were consecutively enrolled. Serum total B 12 was determined in all patients in this cohort. In addition, for a subgroup of 1328 patients, serum holotranscobalamin was also measured. Prevalence of B 12 deficiency was calculated. Further, multivariate logistical regression models were applied to identify covariates independently associated with B 12 deficiency and depletion. Results: Nearly 8 % of the general population was suffering from either B 12 depletion or deficiency. The ratio between B 12 depletion and deficiency was 2:1 for all age ranges. Pathological changes were detected predominantly in older people. Female gender was a significant predictor of B 12 depletion. In the cohort, nearly 40 % exhibited either depletion or deficiency of B 12 . Conclusions: B 12 depletion and deficiency are common in Liechtenstein, a Central European country. The measurement of biochemical markers represents a costefficient and valid assessment of the B 12 state. When a deficiency of B 12 is diagnosed at an early stage, many cases can be treated or prevented, with beneficial effects on individual outcomes and subsequent potential reductions in health-care costs.

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“…More or less the same scenario is observed in different regions and populations in India (Refsum et al, 2001;Yajnik et al, 2006;Taneja et al, 2007;Kumar et al, 2009a, b). It is important to note that even Western and South-East Asian populations do not show such high incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency as seen in Indian populations (Gamble et al, 2005;McLean et al, 2008;Elmadfa and Singer, 2009;Thuesen et al, 2010;Waskiewicz et al, 2010). We further show that out of 613 individuals having optimum vitamin B12, as well as folic acid, only 11% (63) have hypHcy.…”

Section: Hcy-modulation and Micronutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In populations having high T allele frequency (X20%), the Hcy level tends to be independent of the genotype (Gueant-Rodriguez et al, 2006;Yang et al, 2008). One of the reasons of the ineffectiveness of 677TT homozygotes as a risk factor in Europe and American populations is suspected to be due to non-vegetarian diet that supplements vitamin B6 and 12, and fortification of food with folic acid (McLean et al, 2008;Elmadfa and Singer, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of MTHFR and RFC1 gene polymorphism with hyperhomocysteinemia and its modulation by vitamin B12 and folic acid in an Indian population

Sukla

Raman

2011

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background/Objectives: Unlike most Western populations, MTHFR 677T is a rare allele and a risk factor for a variety of disorders in India. What kind of nutritional (environmental) and/or genetic factors could contribute to the genetic risk is not known. To assess the incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia and its correlation with the polymorphism in homocysteine (Hcy)-pathway genes and associated cofactors in the native populations of eastern India. Subjects/Methods: Healthy population from four eastern states of India. Genotyping of SNPs, HPLC and chemiluminescencebased assay for homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid.Results: Approximately 30% of the population has hyperhomocysteinemia (415 mmol/lit; hypHcy) with varying frequencies in the four states from where samples were collected (n ¼ 1426). Polymorphisms of MTR and CBS do not affect hypHcy. 677T and 1298C alleles of MTHFR and G80 RFC-1 show association with hypHcy. In contrast, RFC-1 80AA is protective even in presence of 677T MTHFR. Addition of each mutant allele has an additive effect on Hcy level. Vitamin B12 (cofactor in methionine synthesis) clearly modulates the genotypic effect on Hcy level. Although frequency of individuals with low folic acid is B11, 49% of the population is vitamin B12 deficient (o220 pg/lit) and has a significant negative correlation with Hcy. Individuals with optimum vitamin B12 and folic acid generally have low Hcy, even in risk genotypes. Conclusions: One of the plausible reasons for susceptibility of individuals with MTHFR C677T in the studied population to various disorders is the high frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia and vitamin B12 deficiency in the 'healthy population'. Apparently, supplementation of vitamin B 12 to this health-impoverished community may help lessen the risk of several multifactorial disorders.

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Review of the Magnitude of Folate and Vitamin B₁₂ Deficiencies Worldwide

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 257 publications

References 66 publications

Characteristics of anemia in subclinical and overt hypothyroid patients

Characteristics of anemia in subclinical and overt hypothyroid patients

Prevalence of vitamin B12 depletion and deficiency in Liechtenstein

Association of MTHFR and RFC1 gene polymorphism with hyperhomocysteinemia and its modulation by vitamin B12 and folic acid in an Indian population

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Review of the Magnitude of Folate and Vitamin B12 Deficiencies Worldwide

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 257 publications

References 66 publications

Characteristics of anemia in subclinical and overt hypothyroid patients

Characteristics of anemia in subclinical and overt hypothyroid patients

Prevalence of vitamin B12 depletion and deficiency in Liechtenstein

Association of MTHFR and RFC1 gene polymorphism with hyperhomocysteinemia and its modulation by vitamin B12 and folic acid in an Indian population

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Product

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Review of the Magnitude of Folate and Vitamin B₁₂ Deficiencies Worldwide