Review of the LNG intermediate fluid vaporizer and its heat transfer characteristics

Cascade Control Applied to a Single-Component Single-Stage Vaporizer—Modeling and Simulation

“…It should be noted that the set of known and unknown variables in steady state are {Pi ss , Ps ss , Fv ss , K1 ss , K2 ss ; Ti ss } and {H ss , P ss , Ts ss } respectively. This procedure results in the establishment of the steady-state representation of the vaporizer model, defined in (9).…”

“…By replacing the numerical parameters and the steady-state variables of the vaporizer given in Table 4 and Table 5 respectively, and solving the equation system defined in (9), the EPs are calculated and derived as follows: H ss ≈ 50 %, P ss ≈ 18.2 kPa, and Ts ss ≈ 55.1 °C. In accordance with conventional process control practices, liquid levels are often expressed as percentages.…”

“…Finally, a review of the LNG IFV and its heat transfer characteristics is described in [9]. This article provides a comprehensive overview IFV used in the LNG industry.…”

“…The introduction properly identifies a gap in the literature regarding the modeling and control of vaporizers. By citing various references [3][4][5][6][7][8][9], the introduction effectively establishes the need for this research and positions it as a departure from previous efforts. The references cited strategically highlight the lack of comprehensive studies that include both modeling and control, further emphasizing the relevance of the present study.…”

“…While the references to previous work (references [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]) contextualize the research, they could be enhanced by emphasizing their direct relevance to the challenges and gaps highlighted in the introduction.…”