SummaryBackground: Adenocarcinomas of ampulla of the Vater are relatively uncommon tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. In premalignant lesions endoscopic treatment predominate. Accord ing to some authors even early adenocarcinomas (limited to mucosa) can be solved endo scopically. In malignant lesions affect ing deeper layers (includ ing submucosa) surgical ther apy is the most important. The article summarises the current view for a surgical treatment of ampullary adenocarcinomas and presents results concern ing our group of patients. Materials and Methods: In 2012-2016 a total number of 17 patients underwent resection for a tumor of ampulla of the Vater. Patients underwent standard staging, were presented before a mul tidisciplinary committee and referred to a surgical treatment. The main measured parameters were the type of surgical procedure, 30day morbidity and mortality, histopathologic result and subsequent oncologic treatment. The Leeds Pathology Protocol was used to evaluate the specimens after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Results: PD (n = 9) was a more often perfor med procedure than the transduodenal surgical ampullectomy (TSA) (n = 8). TSA predomina ted in polymorbid patients. Histological results (n = 17) established adenoma with highgrade dysplasia in 4 patients, the dia gnosis of adenocarcinoma was set in 13 patients. Eight patients underwent adjuvant oncologic ther apy (2 had adjuvant chemother apy, 6 had combination of chemoradiother apy). Conclusion: Premalignant neoplasias of ampulla of the Vater can be mostly solved by endoscopy. If endoscopic resection is not possible surgical ther apy is indica ted. PD is preferred procedure in the dia gnosis of adenocarcinoma. In highrisk and polymorbid patients, with no suspicion for a metastatic lymph nodes, TSA can be considered. Endoscopic ultrasonography is the imag ing modality of choice for local stag ing of ampulla of the Vater and has important role in decid ing between endoscopic, local surgical excision (TSA) or radi cal resection (PD). Our results confirmed rightfulness to perform TSA especially in elderly or polymorbid patients, where in histopathologic specimens evaluation in TSA procedures early T stage and more favorable grad ing predominated.