Review of the genus Vespina (Lepidoptera, Incurvariidae) with two new species from China and Japan

Abstract

Asian species of the genus Vespina Davis, 1972 (Lepidoptera, Incurvariidae) are mainly reviewed. Vespina meridiana Hirowatari & Yagi sp. nov. from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and Vespina sichuana Hirowatari, Huang & Wang sp. nov. from Sichuan, China, are described. The previously known Vespina species are associated with plants from the Fagaceae family on the western coast of the USA and East Asia and with Sapindaceae (Aceraceae) in eastern Europe. The two new species described here are associated with Fagaceae and Myricaceae, respectively, in warm temperate areas in Asia. Vespina nielseni Kozlov, 1987, which was only known from East Asia, is newly recorded from South China. A checklist for the genus is provided herein. Morphological information of the immature stages of the two new species is partially provided. The absence or reduction of a female frenulum and presence of approximately 20 thin pseudofrenular bristles, the dorsoventrally flattened pupa, and the minute tergal spines scattered on abdominal segments 3–8 are considered as possible autapomorphies of Vespina.

“Lepidoptera Flies”, but Not Always…Interactions of Caterpillars and Chrysalis with Soil

“…In all of the following families, no species were found that develop in soil, litter, or use the mycelium of fungi: Agathiphagidae [39], Heterobathmiidae [40], Eriocraniidae [41], Lophocoronidae [42][43][44], Prototheoridae [44], Acanthopteroctetidae [45], Opostegidae [46,47], Nepticulidae [47,48], Andesianidae [49], Cecidosidae [50], Prodoxidae [51][52][53], Incurvariidae [54,55], Nematopogoninae [56], Heliozelidae [57], Tischeriidae [58], Palaephatidae [59], Yponomeutidae [60,61], Urodidae [62], Douglasiidae [63], Schreckensteiniidae [64], Choreutidae [65], Millieriidae [66], Immidae [67], Tortricidae [68][69][70], Heliocosmidae [71], Galacticidae [72,73], Zygaenoids [74][75][76], Lacturidae [77], Himantopteridae [78,79], Aididae [80], Megalopygidae [81,…”

“…Agathiphagidae [39], Heterobathmiidae [40], Prototheoridae [44], Andesianidae [49], Incurvariidae [54,55], Nematopogoninae [56], Adelidae [136], Heliozelidae [57], Tischeriidae [58], Palaephatidae [59], Psychidae [140], Yponomeutidae [60], Urodidae [72], Douglasiidae [73,160], Schreckensteiniidae [64], Choreutidae [65], Millieriidae [66], Immidae [67], Tortricidae [68][69][70], Heliocosmidae [71], Galacticidae [72,73], Zygaenoids [74,76], Lacturidae [77], Himantopteridae [78,79], Aididae [80], Megalopygidae [81,82], Limacodidae [83,84], Dalceridae [81,85], Cyclotornidae [86,87], Sesiidae [86,142], Dudgeoneidae [86], Cossidae [88,89], Cossulinae [90], Brachodidae…”