Review of the genotoxicity of formaldehyde

Ma, Te­-Hsiu; Harris, Mary M.

doi:10.1016/0165-1110(88)90027-9

Cited by 130 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Formaldehyde can be used for KV development for some viruses, but several KV vaccines based on formaldehyde inactivation do not protect the host on challenge with virulent virus. This could be due to RNA-protein crosslinking [26,27] or modification of viral proteins by formaldehyde, as reported for PV, FMDV and HIV [3,39,42].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Dimer formation leads to pressure and breakage of the sugar backbone causing a block of genome reading Works more slowly, ultraviolet light also causes structural modifications of the capsid proteins resulting in the formation of large and small photoproducts [89,90] [ 90,94] Review Pollock et al (1982) DNA ( Appaiahgari et al Review functionalities [25,26], which prevents the transcriptional machinery from reaching the genome [27].…”

Section: Rna Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Inactivated virus vaccines from chemistry to prophylaxis: merits, risks and challenges

Delrue

Verzele

Madder

et al. 2012

Expert Review of Vaccines

161

150

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The aim of this review is to make researchers aware of the benefits of an efficient quality control system for prediction of a developed vaccine's efficacy. Two major goals should be addressed when inactivating a virus for vaccine purposes: first, the infectious virus should be inactivated completely in order to be safe, and second, the viral epitopes important for the induction of protective immunity should be conserved after inactivation in order to have an antigen of high quality. Therefore, some problems associated with the virus inactivation process, such as virus aggregate formation, protein crosslinking, protein denaturation and degradation should be addressed before testing an inactivated vaccine in vivo

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Rna Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivated virus vaccines from chemistry to prophylaxis: merits, risks and challenges

Delrue

Verzele

Madder

et al. 2012

Expert Review of Vaccines

161

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2). Formaldehyde, the product of DCM conversion by DCM dehalogenase-GST, can give rise to DNA cross-links and is a known cytotoxic agent and mutagen (9,20,35). Indeed, mutations in the polA gene are known to be detrimental for viability of E. coli upon formaldehyde exposure (43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Polymerase I Is Essential for Growth of Methylobacterium dichloromethanicum DM4 with Dichloromethane

2000

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Methylobacterium dichloromethanicum DM4 grows with dichloromethane as the unique carbon and energy source by virtue of a single enzyme, dichloromethane dehalogenase-glutathione S-transferase. A mutant of the dichloromethane-degrading strain M. dichloromethanicum DM4, strain DM4-1445, was obtained by mini-Tn5 transposon mutagenesis that was no longer able to grow with dichloromethane. Dichloromethane dehalogenase activity in this mutant was comparable to that of the wild-type strain. The site of mini-Tn5 insertion in this mutant was located in the polA gene encoding DNA polymerase I, an enzyme with a well-known role in DNA repair. DNA polymerase activity was not detected in cell extracts of the polA mutant. Conjugation of a plasmid containing the intact DNA polymerase I gene into the polA mutant restored growth with dichloromethane, indicating that the polA gene defect was responsible for the observed lack of growth of this mutant with dichloromethane. Viability of the DM4-1445 mutant was strongly reduced upon exposure to both UV light and dichloromethane. The polA -lacZ transcriptional fusion resulting from mini-Tn5 insertion was constitutively expressed at high levels and induced about twofold after addition of 10 mM dichloromethane. Taken together, these data indicate that DNA polymerase I is essential for growth of M. dichloromethanicum DM4 with dichloromethane and further suggest an important role of the DNA repair machinery in the degradation of halogenated, DNA-alkylating compounds by bacteria.Dichloromethane (DCM) is an organic solvent produced industrially in large amounts for a wide range of technical applications (Halogen Solvents Industry Alliance [http://www .hsia.org/white_papers/methchlor.htm]). Its low boiling point and high solubility in water make it a frequently encountered environmental contaminant (36,46). The toxicity of DCM to mammals continues to be investigated intensively (9,14,21,40,45), but its causes are not yet fully characterized at the molecular level. Many specialized aerobic methylotrophic bacteria have been isolated from soil and groundwater environments contaminated with DCM for their ability to grow with DCM as the sole source of carbon and energy (49). Such bacteria rely on a single enzyme, DCM dehalogenase, for this purpose. DCM dehalogenase, which can make up to 20% of the soluble protein during bacterial growth with DCM, was purified and shown to catalyze the glutathione-dependent transformation of DCM to formaldehyde, used in both biomass and energy production, and to two molecules of hydrochloric acid (31). The corresponding gene dcmA was cloned (33) from Methylobacterium dichloromethanicum DM4 (15) (formerly Methylobacterium sp. strain DM4), Methylophilus sp. strain DM11 (3), and, more recently, from several other DCM-degrading strains (49, 50). Sequence analysis indicates that DCM dehalogenases belong to the glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme family (27,47). DCM dehalogenases were the first bacterial GSTs to be characterized, but it is becoming clear that the genom...

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“…Formaldehyde has genotoxic, typically cross-linking properties (37,38). It is notable that reactions of formaldehyde with cellular deoxyribonucleic acid take place in the turbinates and anterior nasal mucosa in rodents, and in monkeys also in the nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, and carina (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formaldehyde exposure and respiratory cancer--a meta-analysis of the epidemiologic evidence.

Partanen¹

1993

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Review of the genotoxicity of formaldehyde

Cited by 130 publications

References 120 publications

Inactivated virus vaccines from chemistry to prophylaxis: merits, risks and challenges

Inactivated virus vaccines from chemistry to prophylaxis: merits, risks and challenges

DNA Polymerase I Is Essential for Growth of Methylobacterium dichloromethanicum DM4 with Dichloromethane

Formaldehyde exposure and respiratory cancer--a meta-analysis of the epidemiologic evidence.

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