Review of the Extraction Behavior of Metal Cations with Calixarene Derivatives

Abstract

In hydrometallurgical process, the role of solvent extraction reagents is important. In the present paper, the extraction behavior of metal cations with various types of calixarene derivatives as novel macrocyclic host extractants is reviewed. ≡ Fig.1 Structures of calix[n]arene.

New Trident Molecule with Phosphoric Acid Functionality for Trivalent Rare Earth Extraction

“…Their derivatives can exhibit structural effects such as size-fitting effect, converging effect of functional groups, complementary effect, and allosteric effect, based on specific cyclic structures [15][16]. Rohovec et al prepared phosphonic acid type derivatives of calixarenes for REEs extraction [17][18].…”

Selective Extraction of Ga(III) with <i>p-t</i>-Butylcalix[4]arene Tetrahydroxamic Acid

“…Calixarene derivatives, which are easily synthesized from p-substituted phenol and formaldehyde [17] and functionalized in various ways [18], have been noted as useful extractants for a variety of metal ions [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Suitably functionalized calixarenes can selectively host a target metal ion due to the effect of the cavity size of the cyclic molecule together with the chelating and cooperating effect of multifunctional groups [17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

“…Suitably functionalized calixarenes can selectively host a target metal ion due to the effect of the cavity size of the cyclic molecule together with the chelating and cooperating effect of multifunctional groups [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Therefore, functionalized calixarenes are most promising candidates as highly selective and efficient solvent extraction reagents towards the target species.…”

Solvent Extraction Behavior of Divalent Palladium Ion with Phenylurea Derivative of Trident Molecule

“…Various types of extraction reagents based on macrocycles and pseudomacrocycles, such as calixarene [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and tripodal alkyltrimethylol compounds as "trident" molecules [20][21][22][23] have been prepared for metal separation in our group. The trident molecules have been applied to a variety of field as such transmembrane transfer [24][25], metal complex catalysts [26][27][28][29], nanoelectronics devices [30], and anion receptors [31] due to the it structural specificity.…”