Review of the evidence for an association between infant feeding and childhood cancer

Davis, Margaret K.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(1998)78:11+<29::aid-ijc9>3.0.co;2-a

Cited by 81 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…This is a potential drawback of any case -control study since biologic mothers of cases may recall certain exposures differently (more completely or influenced by the knowledge of their child's diagnosis) than biologic mothers of controls. This bias is unlikely to have been a major concern since there was no public perception at the time of data collection that breastfeeding (Davis, 1998) or other early feeding characteristics might be associated with childhood leukaemia. In addition, we attempted to minimise reporting differences by mailing preparatory materials to serve as an 'aide memoire' for the respondents prior to the in-home interview.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breastfeeding patterns and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

et al. 2005

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The risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) was investigated in relation to breastfeeding patterns in the Northern California Childhood Leukaemia Study. Data collected by self-administered and in-person questionnaires from biological mothers of leukaemia cases (age 0 -14 years) in the period 1995 -2002 were matched to birth certificate controls on date of birth, sex, Hispanic ethnic status, and maternal race. Ever compared to never breastfeeding was not associated with risk of ALL at ages 1 -14 years (odds ratio ¼ 0.99; 95% CI ¼ 0.64 -1.55) and ages 2 -5 years (OR ¼ 1.49; 95% CI ¼ 0.83 -2.65). Various measures of breastfeeding duration compared to absence of breastfeeding also had no significant effect on risk. Complimentary feeding characteristics such as type of milk/formula used and age started eating solid foods among breastfed children were not associated with ALL risk. This study provides no evidence that breastfeeding affects the occurrence of childhood ALL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Davis, 1998;Greaves, 1999). To date, a number of studies have explored the relationship between breastfeeding and childhood leukaemia risk (Kwan et al, 2004b) with inconsistent results (Davis, 1998), but the overall trend suggests a protective effect (Davis, 1998;Kwan et al, 2004b).…”

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confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding patterns and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

et al. 2005

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“…17,20 In addition, postneonatal infant mortality rates in the United States are reduced by 21% in breastfed infants. 48 tus, [56][57][58][59] lymphoma, leukemia, and Hodgkin disease, [60][61][62] overweight and obesity, 19,[63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] hypercholesterolemia, 71 and asthma [36][37][38][39] in older children and adults who were breastfed, compared with individuals who were not breastfed. Additional research in this area is warranted.…”

Section: Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk

2005

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ABSTRACT. Considerable advances have occurred in recent years in the scientific knowledge of the benefits of breastfeeding, the mechanisms underlying these benefits, and in the clinical management of breastfeeding. This policy statement on breastfeeding replaces the 1997 policy statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics and reflects this newer knowledge and the supporting publications. The benefits of breastfeeding for the infant, the mother, and the community are summarized, and recommendations to guide the pediatrician and other health care professionals in assisting mothers in the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding for healthy term infants and high-risk infants are presented. The policy statement delineates various ways in which pediatricians can promote, protect, and support breastfeeding not only in their individual practices but also in the hospital, medical school, community, and nation. Pediatrics 2005;115:496-506; breast, breastfeeding, breast milk, human milk, lactation.ABBREVIATIONS. AAP, American Academy of Pediatrics; WIC, Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children; CMV, cytomegalovirus; G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. INTRODUCTIONE xtensive research using improved epidemiologic methods and modern laboratory techniques documents diverse and compelling advantages for infants, mothers, families, and society from breastfeeding and use of human milk for infant feeding. 1 These advantages include health, nutritional, immunologic, developmental, psychologic, social, economic, and environmental benefits. In 1997, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published the policy statement Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk. 2 Since then, significant advances in science and clinical medicine have occurred. This revision cites substantial new research on the importance of breastfeeding and sets forth principles to guide pediatricians and other health care professionals in assisting women and children in the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding. The ways pediatricians can protect, promote, and support breastfeeding in their individual practices, hospitals, medical schools, and communities are delineated, and the central role of the pediatrician in coordinating breastfeeding management and providing a medical home for the child is emphasized. 3 THE NEED Child Health BenefitsHuman milk is species-specific, and all substitute feeding preparations differ markedly from it, making human milk uniquely superior for infant feeding. 12 Exclusive breastfeeding is the reference or normative model against which all alternative feeding methods must be measured with regard to growth, health, development, and all other short-and long-term outcomes. In addition, human milk-fed premature infants receive significant benefits with respect to host protection and improved developmental outcomes compared with formula-fed premature infants. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] From studies in preterm and term infants, the following outcomes have been documented. Infectious Dise...

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“…Meanwhile, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breast-feeding in infants of families with a positive familial history of diabetes mellitus, avoiding, if possible, any product containing whole cow's milk protein in the first year of life 6 . Case±control studies suggest that non-breast-fed infants are subject to a higher risk for Hodgkin's disease 7 . It seems that duration of breast-feeding is inversely related to risk for this disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast-feeding in Spain

Torre

Hernández-Aguilar

2001

Public Health Nutr.

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Human milk is the best way to nurture the human infant. By breast-feeding their babies, mothers provide them with the best opportunities to wholly develop their potential, while protecting the infants and themselves from a whole range of diseases in the near future and in the years to come. Even though these benefits are widely known and there is ample scientific evidence on the topic, it seems from published data that Spanish women are not breastfeeding their babies as much and for as long as they should. Less than 90% start breast-feeding, at 1 month there is already an attrition of 30%, at 3 months more than half of the infants are taking artificial milk and by 6 months only 10% continue to breast-feed their infants. Low birth weight, Caesarean section and low study level are among the more significant factors that negatively affect breast-feeding. There is still work to do to improve this situation. Promotion of breast-feeding among the general population, mothers and health professionals is needed.

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Review of the evidence for an association between infant feeding and childhood cancer

Cited by 81 publications

References 18 publications

Breastfeeding patterns and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Breastfeeding patterns and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk

Breast-feeding in Spain

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