Review of the development of diamond radiation sensors

Adam, W.; Bauer, C.; Berdermann, E.; Bergonzo, P.; Bogani, F.; Borchi, E.; Brambilla, A.; Bruzzi, M.; Colledani, C.; Conway, J.; Dąbrowski, W.; Delpierre, P.; Deneuville, A.; Dulinski, W.; Eijk, B. Van; Fallou, A.; Fizzotti, F.; Foulon, F.; Friedl, M.; Gan, K. K.; Gheeraert, Etienne; Grigoriev, E.; Hallewell, G. D.; Hall-Wilton, R.; Han, S.; Hartjes, F.; Hrubec, J.; Husson, D.; Kagan, H.; Kania, D. R.; Kapłon, J.; Karl, C.; Kass, R.; Knöpfle, K. T.; Krammer, M.; Logiudice, A.; Lü, Renguo; Manfredi, P. F.; Manfredotti, C.; Marshall, R. D.; Meier, Dirk; Mishina, M.; Oh, A.; Pan, Lei; Palmieri, V.G.; Pernicka, M.; Peitz, A.; Pirollo, S.; Polesello, P.; Pretzl, K.; Re, V.; Riester, J.L.; Roe, S.; Roff, D. G.; Rudge, A.; Schnetzer, S.; Sciortino, S.; Speziali, V.; Stelzer, H.; Stone, R.; Tapper, R. J.; Tesarek, R. J.; Thomson, G. B.; Trawick, Matthew L.; Trischuk, W.; Vittone, E.; Walsh, A. M.; Wedenig, R.; Weilhammer, P.; Ziock, H.; Zoeller, M.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(99)00447-7

Cited by 63 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It is known that the silicon detector is hard to operate above neutron fluence of 1 × 10 14 n/cm 2 and the degradation of its CCE is worse than SiC detector after fast-neutron irradiation 12 , 38 . Hence it can be concluded that the 4H-SiC Schottky diode detectors have a better neutron resistance than silicon detector and could be expected to be well used in fusion neutron detection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The germanium detectors need to operate in low temperature. The radiation resistance of silicon detectors is not ideal: significant radiation damage has been observed once the irradiation fluence reaching to 1 × 10 12 n/cm 2 , and they are expected to be difficult to operate above neutron fluence of 1 × 10 14 n/cm 2 12 , 13 . New radiation detectors based on new materials have been developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation Resistance of Silicon Carbide Schottky Diode Detectors in D-T Fusion Neutron Detection

Liu

Liu²,

Bai³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Silicon carbide (SiC) is a wide band-gap semiconductor material with many excellent properties, showing great potential in fusion neutron detection. The radiation resistance of 4H-SiC Schottky diode detectors was studied experimentally by carefully analyzing the detectors’ properties before and after deuterium-tritium fusion neutron irradiation with the total fluence of 1.31 × 1014 n/cm2 and 7.29 × 1014 n/cm2 at room temperature. Significant degradation has been observed after neutron irradiation: reverse current increased greatly, over three to thirty fold; Schottky junction was broken down; significant lattice damage was observed at low temperature photoluminescence measurements; the peaks of alpha particle response spectra shifted to lower channels and became wider; the charge collection efficiency (CCE) decreased by about 7.0% and 22.5% at 300 V with neutron irradiation fluence of 1.31 × 1014 n/cm2 and 7.29 × 1014 n/cm2, respectively. Although the degradation exists, the SiC detectors successfully survive intense neutron radiation and show better radiation resistance than silicon detectors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Resistance of Silicon Carbide Schottky Diode Detectors in D-T Fusion Neutron Detection

Liu

Liu²,

Bai³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…For DDs, the 20 × 40 mm 2 SC diamond wafer is currently available by the CVD process [ Yamada et al , ]. Although the thickness of SC diamond wafer can exceed 2.6 mm [ Adam et al , ], the carrier correction depth limits the operation of SC DDs up to 0.7 mm level [e.g., Kaneko et al , ]. The improvement of purity in electronic grade diamond wafer [e.g., Martineau et al , , and references therein] can increase the maximum thickness to greater than millimeter level.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next‐generation solid‐state detectors for charged particle spectroscopy

et al. 2016

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The performance of silicon avalanche photodiodes (APDs) and single crystal chemical vapor deposit diamond detectors (DDs) is reviewed in comparison with conventional silicon‐based solid‐state detectors (SSDs) from the perspective of space plasma applications. Although the low‐energy threshold and the energy resolution are equivalent to SSDs, DDs offer a high radiation tolerance and very low leakage currents due to a wider band gap than silicon. In addition, DDs can operate at higher temperatures, are insensitive to light (>226 nm), and are capable of timing analysis due to the higher intrinsic carrier mobility. APDs also offer several advantageous features. Specifically, APDs have a lower energy threshold (<0.9 keV) and a higher energy resolution (<0.7 keV full width at half maximum at room temperature), along with a linear response due to a strong electric field causing signal amplifications within the detector. Therefore, APDs can be used to detect lower energy particles, covering a larger portion of the energy spectrum than conventional SSDs. Further, the strong internal electric field gives them a subnanosecond response time by the charge mobility saturation, allowing them to make precise timing measurements of ions. These novel detector techniques can be potentially applied to improve the measurements of suprathermal particles, whose energies lie between typical ranges of conventional sensors for low‐energy plasmas and energetic particles. Although the origin and evolution of the suprathermal particles are the key to understanding the acceleration and heating processes in space plasma, they are not well understood due to the technical difficulties of making the measurement.

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“…Artificially grown CVD diamond has already been demonstrated to be a good semiconductor detector material [1]. A voltage is applied between two electrical contacts made on each side of a thin diamond film, typically of the order of 300-500 µm thick.…”

Section: Principle Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diamond has been extensively studied in recent years for use for particle detection [1]. Many studies have focused on the hadronic radiation hardness properties of diamond for applications at the LHC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%