Review of the Comparative Pharmacology and Clinical Activity of Cisplatin and Carboplatin

Go, Ronald S.; Adjei, Alex A.

doi:10.1200/jco.1999.17.1.409

Cited by 600 publications

(377 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The rats in the carboplatin group were divided into three subsets of three rats for sampling purpose and 150 μl of blood was drawn via tail vein at various time points from three rats in a rotating manner. Sampling time points included day 0, 3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,24, and 27, and terminal samples at sacrifice. To prepare serum, whole blood was directly transferred into a tube that contains no anticoagulant and allowed to clot for 30 min.…”

Section: Animals and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacodynamic model for chemotherapy-induced anemia in rats

Woo

Krzyzanski

Jusko

2007

Cancer Chemother Pharmacol

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Anticancer agents often cause bone marrow toxicity resulting in progressive anemia which may influence the therapeutic effects of erythropoietic-stimulating agents. The objective of this study was to develop a pharmacodynamic (PD) model to describe chemotherapy-induced anemia in rats. Anemia was induced in male Wistar rats with a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of 60 mg/kg carboplatin. Hematological responses including reticulocytes, red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin, and endogenous rat erythropoietin (EPO) were measured for up to 4 weeks. A catenary, lifespanbased, indirect response model served as a basic PD model to represent erythroid cellular populations in the bone marrow and blood involved in erythropoiesis. The model assumed that actively proliferating progenitor cells in the bone marrow are sensitive to anti-cancer agents and subject to an irreversible removal process. The removal rate of the target cells is proportional to drug activity concentrations and the cell numbers. An additional RBC loss from the circulation resulting from thrombocytopenia was described by a first-order process. The turnover process of rat EPO and EPOmediated feedback inhibition mechanism regulated by hemoglobin changes were incorporated. Reticulocyte counts decreased rapidly and reached a nadir by day 3 after administration of carboplatin and returned to the baseline by day 13. This was followed by a gradual increase and the rebound peak occurred at about day 15. The hemoglobin nadir was approximately 9 g/dl observed at about 11-13 days compared to its normal value of 13 g/dl and hemoglobin returned to the baseline by day 30. The increase in endogenous rat EPO mirrored inversely hemoglobin changes and the maximum increase was observed soon after the hemoglobin nadir. The carboplatin-treated rats exhibited progressive anemia. The proposed model adequately described the time course of hematological changes after carboplatin in rats and can be a useful tool to explore potential strategies for the management of anemia caused by chemotherapy.

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Section: Animals and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carboplatin is a second-generation platinum compound that is recommended for chemotherapy of ovarian, head and neck, and lung cancers [13]. It has antineoplastic activity profile similar to cisplatin, but possesses an improved toxicity profile for nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity that are dose-limiting for cisplatin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacodynamic model for chemotherapy-induced anemia in rats

Woo

Krzyzanski

Jusko

2007

Cancer Chemother Pharmacol

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“…Carboplatin is a platinum derivative with less renal toxicity, and to which caused less nausea and vomiting than cisplatin (Rose and Schurig, 1985;Lokich and Anderson, 1998), and has been combined with other newer agents in chemotherapy for SCLC (Go and Adjei, 1999;Simon and Wagner, 2003). Accordingly, we conducted a phase I trial with carboplatin and weekly doses of irinotecan, and found that 11 of 13 SCLC patients had an objective response, the response rate being 85% (complete response (CR), 31%; partial response (PR), 54%) (Fukuda et al, 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

Phase II study of irinotecan combined with carboplatin in previously untreated small-cell lung cancer

et al. 2006

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To determine the efficacy and toxicity of irinotecan combined with carboplatin, we conducted a phase II trial. Eligibility criteria were: chemotherapy-naïve, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), good performance status (PS: 0 -2), agep75 years, and adequate organ function. The patients' characteristics were: male/female ¼ 56/5; PS 0/1/2 ¼ 19/38/4; median age (range) ¼ 68 years(51 -75 years); limited disease (LD)/extensive disease (ED) ¼ 27/34. The patients received irinotecan (50 mg m À2 ) on days 1, 8, and 15, and carboplatin (AUC 5, Chatelut formula) on day 1 every 4 weeks. In total, 61 patients were eligible and all were evaluated. In all, 31 patients were treated with four or more courses of chemotherapy. Of the patients, 17 showed a complete response (CR), 34 showed a partial response (PR), nine had stable disease (SD), and one had progressive disease (PD). The overall response rate was 84% (95% confidence interval (CI), 72 -91%; LD 89%, ED 79%) and the CR rate was 28% (95%CI, 17 -41%; LD 37%, ED 21%). The median time to tumour progression was 6.1 (LD 6.4, ED 5.4) months. The medial survival time was 15.0 (LD 20.0, ED 9.7) months, and the 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 31.1% (LD 48.1%, ED 17.7%) and 9.5% (LD 11.1%, ED 5.9%), respectively. Grade 3 or 4 leucopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anaemia, and diarrhoea occurred in 33, 74, 41, 39, and 13% of cases, respectively. In conclusion, the combination of irinotecan and carboplatin is an active and well-tolerated regimen in cases of SCLC.

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“…Amrubicin alone and combination chemotherapy with cisplatin exhibited high response rates of 75.8% and 87.8% and median survival times of 11.7 and 13.6 months in previously untreated ED-SCLC, respectively (10,11). Carboplatin is a platinum derivative with less renal toxicity that caused less nausea and vomiting than cisplatin (12), and has been combined with other newer agents in chemotherapy for SCLC (13). Pharmacodynamic studies have been performed to predict the clearance and administer the appropriate dose of carboplatin to individual patients (14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%