Review of the bulk and surface chemistry of iron in atmospherically relevant systems containing humic-like substances

Abstract

The current state of knowledge and future research directions of the bulk and surface chemistry of iron relevant to atmospheric surfaces are reviewed.

Climate engineering by mimicking natural dust climate control: the iron salt aerosol method

“…The HULIS-iron connection enhances the oxidative degradation of organic compounds such as aromatic compounds (Al-Abadleh, 2015). Oxidant generation by the reaction of oxidizable dissolved or undissolved metal cations such as Fe(II), Cu(I) and Mn(II) with H 2 O 2 was first discovered for Fe(II) in 1894 (Fenton, 1894).…”

“…These stages are embedded within the coexisting multi-component complex networks of different reciprocal iron-induced interactions across the borders of atmosphere, surface ocean, sediment and igneous bedrock as well as across the borders of chemistry, biology and physics and across and along the borders of illuminated, dark, gaseous, liquid, solid, semi-solid, animated, unanimated, dead and different mix phase systems. Some impressions of the complexity of iron acting in the atmospheric environment have been presented by Al-Abadleh (2015). The ISA-induced cooling effect begins in the atmosphere.…”

“…Glacialstage dust fluxes of ∼ 400 to 4000 times those of interglacial times have been found from late Paleozoic epochs (Soreghan et al, 2014), which gives an estimated carbon fixation ∼ 2-20 times that of modern carbon fixation due to dust fertilization. Photochemistry by sunshine is the main trigger of the transformation of the primary insoluble-iron fraction of dust aerosols into soluble iron salts (Johnson and Meskhidze, 2013), and the understanding of how the different iron content and speciation in aerosols affect the climate is growing (Al-Abadleh, 2015). Currently, increased subglacial meltwater and icebergs may supply large amounts of bioavailable iron to the Southern Ocean (Death et al, 2014).…”

Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Review

“…21 Os sete elétrons desemparelhados do Gd combinados com um tempo de relaxação relativamente longo, torna este lantanídeo um AC eficaz. 9 35,36,37 As nanopartículas superparamagnéticas de óxido de ferro (do inglês SPIONsSuperparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles) são de considerável interesse na nanociência e nanotecnologia devido às suas dimensões em nanoescala, natureza não tóxica e propriedades magnéticas superiores. [38][39][40][41] Uma nanopartícula pode ser definida como uma partícula que tem pelo menos 1 nm de dimensão e não mais que 100 nm.…”

The Effects of Oxidation States, Spin States and Solvents on Molecular Structure, Stability and Spectroscopic Properties of Fe-Catechol Complexes: A Theoretical Study

“…Because of multiple redox states of iron and a number of open shell spin states in its different common oxidation states, the binding of iron with catechol and other chelating agents has opened up a wide variety of research activities in recent years. The redox chemistry and strong chelating abilities of Fe in the bulk aqueous phase are well established at the fundamental level [8] and recently were utilized in functionalizing surfaces and nanoparticles for applications in green chemistry [9] and in the development of biomedical and sensing devices [10] [11] [12].…”