Review of the Biomolecular Modification of the Metal-Organ-Framework

Abstract

Metal-organ frameworks (MOFs), as a kind of novel artificial material, have been widely studied in the field of chemistry. MOFs are capable of high loading capacities, controlled release, plasticity, and biosafety because of their porous structure and have been gradually functionalized as a drug carrier. Recently, a completely new strategy of combining biomolecules, such as oligonucleotides, polypeptides, and nucleic acids, with MOF nanoparticles was proposed. The synthetic bio-MOFs conferred strong protection and endowed the MOFs with particular biological functions. Biomolecular modification of MOFs to form bridges for communication between different subjects has received increased attention. This review will focus on bio-MOFs modification methods and discuss the advantages, applications, prospects, and challenges of using MOFs in the field of biomolecule delivery.

Combinational application of metal–organic frameworks‐based nanozyme and nucleic acid delivery in cancer therapy

“…Both organic and inorganic‐based MOFs can combine with and offer thermal and chemical protection for nucleic acids, and both display high transfection efficiency when compared with standard commercial carriers (Xing et al, 2020). For gene therapy, lysosomal‐related degradation can hinder the delivery of genes into mitochondria or the nucleus (Rathore et al, 2019).…”

Role of CD47-SIRPα Checkpoint in Nanomedicine-Based Anti-Cancer Treatment

“…The unique characteristics of NPs, such as large surface-volume ratio, small size, capacity to encapsulate various drugs, and tunable surface chemistry, provides themselves a large variety of advantages, including multivalent surface modification, efficient navigation in vivo , increased intracellular trafficking and sustained release of drug payloads ( Xu et al, 2015 ). Currently, diverse types of NPs exist, including liposomes ( Huynh et al, 2009 ; Wang et al, 2016 ; Olusanya et al, 2018 ; Yang et al, 2021 ), micelles ( Torchilin, 2007 ; Tawfik et al, 2020 ), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) ( Sadat Tabatabaei Mirakabad et al, 2014 ; Rezvantalab et al, 2018 ), graphene ( Diez-Pascual, 2020 ), graphene oxide ( Kinnear et al, 2017 ; Diez-Pascual, 2020 ), protein nanoparticles ( Lohcharoenkal et al, 2014 ; Jain et al, 2018 ), extracellular vesicles (EVs) ( S et al, 2013 ; Si et al, 2022 ; Logozzi et al, 2021 ), exosomes ( De La Peña et al, 2009 ; Nie et al, 2020 ; Xia et al, 2020 ; Logozzi et al, 2021 ), magnetic NPs (MNPs) ( Colombo et al, 2012 ; Wu et al, 2019 ; Farzin et al, 2020 ), mesoporous silica NPs (MSNPs) ( Fu et al, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2015 ; Pelaz et al, 2017 ; Rastegari et al, 2021 ), and metal-organ frameworks (MOFs) ( Zheng et al, 2016 ; Wu and Yang, 2017 ; Xing et al, 2020 ), Ferritin ( Lee et al, 2017 ; Cho et al, 2018 ; Sun et al, 2021 ). Detailed information about the charaterizations, advantages and disadvantages of each type of NP is summarized in Table 2 .…”

Artificial Bioaugmentation of Biomacromolecules and Living Organisms for Biomedical Applications

“…189 The common strategies to incorporate biomolecules into MOFs include pore encapsulation, in situ encapsulation, external surface attachment via covalent linkage, or electrostatic forces. 207,208 Through these methods, MOFs can form a composite structure with biological macromolecules (including genes, proteins, cells, and bacteria) to enhance their stability or circulation and even innovatively functionalize biological molecules. In the following chapter, we focus on the combination of Zn-, Fe-, Zr-, Ni-MOFs with biomaterials (nucleic acids, proteins, cells, bacteria, and viruses) for various biomedical applications, including drug delivery, neuro- protection, diabetes treatment, cancer treatment, vaccine protection, and artificial photosynthesis.…”